Python’s built-in str class defines different methods. These methods can be used to manipulate strings. In this tutorial, we will learn about the different methods available for Python strings.

These are some of the most commonly used string methods:

1. capitalize()

The capitalize()capitalize() method returns a string where the first character is upper case.

Syntax:

string.capitalize()string.capitalize()

• Returns - A capitalized string

Example:

# capitalize() method
string = 'python strings'
print(string.capitalize())

# capitalize() method
string = 'python strings'
print(string.capitalize())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python strings

2. casefold()

The casefold()casefold() method returns a string where all the characters are lower case.

Syntax:

string.casefold()string.casefold()

• Returns - A lower case string

Example:

# casefold() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.casefold())

# casefold() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.casefold())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
python strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
python strings

3. center()

The center()center() method will center align the string, using a specified character (space is default) as the fill character.

Syntax:

string.center(length, character)string.center(length, character)

• length - The length of the returned string
• character (optional) - The character to fill the missing space on each side. Default is " "" "
• Returns - A centered string

Example:

# center() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.center(20))
print(string.center(20, '*'))

# center() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.center(20))
print(string.center(20, '*'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
   Python Strings
***Python Strings***

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
   Python Strings
***Python Strings***

4. count()

The count()count() method returns the number of times a specified value appears in the string.

Syntax:

string.count(value, start, end)string.count(value, start, end)

• value - The value to search for
• start (optional) - The position to start the search. Default is 00
• end (optional) - The position to end the search. Default is len(string)len(string)
• Returns - The number of times the value appears in the string

Example:

# count() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.count('s'))
print(string.count('s', 7, 14))

# count() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.count('s'))
print(string.count('s', 7, 14))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
2
1

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
2
1

5. encode()

The encode()encode() method encodes the string, using the specified encoding. If no encoding is specified, UTF-8 will be used.

Syntax:

string.encode(encoding, errors)string.encode(encoding, errors)

• encoding (optional) - A String specifying the encoding to use. Default is UTF-8UTF-8
• errors (optional) - A String specifying the error method. Legal values are:
  • backslashreplacebackslashreplace - uses a backslash instead of the character that could not be encoded
  • ignoreignore - ignores the characters that cannot be encoded
  • namereplacenamereplace - replaces the character with a text explaining the character
  • strictstrict - Default, raises an error on failure
  • replacereplace - replaces the character with a questionmark
  • xmlcharrefreplacexmlcharrefreplace - replaces the character with an xml character

Example:

# encode() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.encode())
print(string.encode(encoding='ascii', errors='ignore'))

# encode() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.encode())
print(string.encode(encoding='ascii', errors='ignore'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
b'Python Strings'
b'Python Strings'

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
b'Python Strings'
b'Python Strings'

6. endswith()

The endswith()endswith() method returns TrueTrue if the string ends with the specified value, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.endswith(value, start, end)string.endswith(value, start, end)

• value - Required. The value to check if the string ends with
• start (optional) - Optional. An Integer specifying at which position to start the search
• end (optional) - Optional. An Integer specifying at which position to end the search
• Returns - TrueTrue if the string ends with the specified value, otherwise FalseFalse

Example:

# endswith() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.endswith('s'))
print(string.endswith('s', 7, 14))

# endswith() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.endswith('s'))
print(string.endswith('s', 7, 14))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

7. expandtabs()

The expandtabs()expandtabs() method sets the tab size to the specified number of whitespaces.

Syntax:

string.expandtabs(tabsize)string.expandtabs(tabsize)

• tabsize (optional) - A number specifying the tabsize. Default tabsize is 88
• Returns - A string where all \t\t characters are replaced with whitespaces using the specified tabsize

Example:

# expandtabs() method
string = 'Python\tStrings'
print(string.expandtabs())
print(string.expandtabs(2))
print(string.expandtabs(4))

# expandtabs() method
string = 'Python\tStrings'
print(string.expandtabs())
print(string.expandtabs(2))
print(string.expandtabs(4))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python  Strings
Python  Strings
Python    Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python  Strings
Python  Strings
Python    Strings

8. find()

The find()find() method finds the first occurrence of the specified value. The find()find() method returns -1-1 if the value is not found.

Syntax:

string.find(value, start, end)string.find(value, start, end)

• value - Required. The value to search for
• start (optional) - Optional. Where to start the search. Default is 00
• end (optional) - Optional. Where to end the search. Default is len(string)len(string)
• Returns - The index of the first occurrence of the specified value

Example:

# find() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.find('s'))
print(string.find('s', 7, 14))

# find() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.find('s'))
print(string.find('s', 7, 14))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
7
-1

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
7
-1

9. format()

The format()format() method formats the specified value(s) and insert them inside the string’s placeholder.

Syntax:

string.format(value1, value2...)string.format(value1, value2...)

• value1, value2… - Optional. A value to be formatted and inserted into the string’s placeholder
• Returns - A formatted string

Example:

# format() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print('I love {}'.format(string))
print('I love {0}'.format(string))

# format() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print('I love {}'.format(string))
print('I love {0}'.format(string))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
I love Python Strings
I love Python Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
I love Python Strings
I love Python Strings

10. format_map()

The format_map()format_map() method formats the specified value(s) and insert them inside the string’s placeholder.

Syntax:

string.format_map(map)string.format_map(map)

• map - Required. A dictionary containing the variables to insert into the string’s placeholder
• Returns - A formatted string

Example:

# format_map() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print('I love {name}'.format_map({'name': string}))
print('I love {name}'.format_map({'name': 'Python'}))

# format_map() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print('I love {name}'.format_map({'name': string}))
print('I love {name}'.format_map({'name': 'Python'}))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
I love Python Strings
I love Python

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
I love Python Strings
I love Python

11. index()

The index()index() method finds the first occurrence of the specified value. The index()index() method raises an exception if the value is not found.

Syntax:

string.index(value, start, end)string.index(value, start, end)

• value - Required. The value to search for
• start (optional) - Optional. Where to start the search. Default is 00
• end (optional) - Optional. Where to end the search. Default is len(string)len(string)
• Returns - The index of the first occurrence of the specified value

Example:

# index() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.index('s'))
print(string.index('s', 7, 14))

# index() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.index('s'))
print(string.index('s', 7, 14))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
7
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "strings.py", line 4, in <module>
    print(string.index('s', 7, 14))
ValueError: substring not found

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
7
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "strings.py", line 4, in <module>
    print(string.index('s', 7, 14))
ValueError: substring not found

12. isalnum()

The isalnum()isalnum() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are alphanumeric, meaning alphabet letter (a-z) and numbers (0-9).

Syntax:

string.isalnum()string.isalnum()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are alphanumeric

Example:

# isalnum() method
string = 'PythonStrings'
print(string.isalnum())
print('Python Strings'.isalnum())

# isalnum() method
string = 'PythonStrings'
print(string.isalnum())
print('Python Strings'.isalnum())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

13. isalpha()

The isalpha()isalpha() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are alphabet letters (a-z).

Syntax:

string.isalpha()string.isalpha()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are alphabet letters

Example:

# isalpha() method
string = 'PythonStrings'
print(string.isalpha())
print('Python Strings'.isalpha())

# isalpha() method
string = 'PythonStrings'
print(string.isalpha())
print('Python Strings'.isalpha())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

14. isdecimal()

The isdecimal()isdecimal() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are decimals (0-9).

Syntax:

string.isdecimal()string.isdecimal()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are decimals

Example:

# isdecimal() method
string = '123456'
print(string.isdecimal())
print('123 456'.isdecimal())

# isdecimal() method
string = '123456'
print(string.isdecimal())
print('123 456'.isdecimal())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

15. isdigit()

The isdigit()isdigit() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are digits, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.isdigit()string.isdigit()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are digits

Example:

# isdigit() method
string = '123456'
print(string.isdigit())
print('123 456'.isdigit())

# isdigit() method
string = '123456'
print(string.isdigit())
print('123 456'.isdigit())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

16. isidentifier()

The isidentifier()isidentifier() method returns TrueTrue if the string is a valid identifier, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.isidentifier()string.isidentifier()

• Returns - TrueTrue if the string is a valid identifier, otherwise FalseFalse

Example:

# isidentifier() method
string = 'PythonStrings'
print(string.isidentifier())
print('Python Strings'.isidentifier())
print('Python-Strings'.isidentifier())
print('Python_Strings'.isidentifier())

# isidentifier() method
string = 'PythonStrings'
print(string.isidentifier())
print('Python Strings'.isidentifier())
print('Python-Strings'.isidentifier())
print('Python_Strings'.isidentifier())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False
False
True

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False
False
True

17. islower()

The islower()islower() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are in lower case, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.islower()string.islower()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are lower case

Example:

# islower() method
string = 'python strings'
print(string.islower())
print('Python Strings'.islower())

# islower() method
string = 'python strings'
print(string.islower())
print('Python Strings'.islower())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

18. isnumeric()

The isnumeric()isnumeric() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are numeric (0-9), otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.isnumeric()string.isnumeric()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are numeric

Example:

# isnumeric() method
string = '123456'
print(string.isnumeric())
print('123 456'.isnumeric())

# isnumeric() method
string = '123456'
print(string.isnumeric())
print('123 456'.isnumeric())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

19. isprintable()

The isprintable()isprintable() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are printable, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.isprintable()string.isprintable()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are printable

Example:

# isprintable() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.isprintable())
print('Python\nStrings'.isprintable())

# isprintable() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.isprintable())
print('Python\nStrings'.isprintable())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

20. isspace()

The isspace()isspace() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters in a string are whitespaces, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.isspace()string.isspace()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are whitespaces

Example:

# isspace() method
string = '   '
print(string.isspace())
print('Python Strings'.isspace())

# isspace() method
string = '   '
print(string.isspace())
print('Python Strings'.isspace())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

21. istitle()

The istitle()istitle() method returns TrueTrue if all words in a text start with a upper case letter, AND the rest of the word are lower case letters, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.istitle()string.istitle()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all words in a text start with a upper case letter, AND the rest of the word are lower case letters

Example:

# istitle() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.istitle())
print('Python strings'.istitle())

# istitle() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.istitle())
print('Python strings'.istitle())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

22. isupper()

The isupper()isupper() method returns TrueTrue if all the characters are in upper case, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.isupper()string.isupper()

• Returns - TrueTrue if all characters in the string are upper case

Example:

# isupper() method
string = 'PYTHON STRINGS'
print(string.isupper())
print('Python Strings'.isupper())

# isupper() method
string = 'PYTHON STRINGS'
print(string.isupper())
print('Python Strings'.isupper())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

23. join()

The join()join() method takes all items in an iterable and joins them into one string.

Syntax:

string.join(iterable)string.join(iterable)

• iterable - Required. Any iterable object where all the returned values are strings

Example:

# join() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(' '.join(string))
print(''.join(string))

# join() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(' '.join(string))
print(''.join(string))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
P y t h o n   S t r i n g s
Python Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
P y t h o n   S t r i n g s
Python Strings

24. ljust()

The ljust()ljust() method will left align the string, using a specified character (space is default) as the fill character.

Syntax:

string.ljust(length, character)string.ljust(length, character)

• length - The length of the returned string
• character (optional) - The character to fill the missing space on the right side. Default is " "" "
• Returns - A left aligned string

Example:

# ljust() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.ljust(20))
print(string.ljust(20, '*'))

# ljust() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.ljust(20))
print(string.ljust(20, '*'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings*******

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings*******

25. lower()

The lower()lower() method returns a string where all characters are lower case.

Syntax:

string.lower()string.lower()

• Returns - A lower case string

Example:

# lower() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.lower())

# lower() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.lower())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
python strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
python strings

26. lstrip()

The lstrip()lstrip() method removes any leading characters (space is the default leading character to remove)

Syntax:

string.lstrip(characters)string.lstrip(characters)

• characters (optional) - A set of characters to remove as leading characters
• Returns - A left trim version of the string

Example:

# lstrip() method
string = '   Python Strings'
print(string.lstrip())
print(string.lstrip('   '))

# lstrip() method
string = '   Python Strings'
print(string.lstrip())
print(string.lstrip('   '))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings

27. maketrans()

The maketrans()maketrans() method generates a translation table that can be used for replacing specified characters. This method is often used in conjunction with the translate()translate() method to perform character substitutions in a string.

Syntax:

str.maketrans(x[, y[, z]])str.maketrans(x[, y[, z]])

• x - If only one argument is provided, it should be a dictionary mapping Unicode ordinals to translation strings. If two arguments are provided, they must be of equal length, and each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. If three arguments are provided, each charac ter in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y and z.
• y - Mapping table, where each character in x will be mapped to the character at the same position in y. This argument is optional.
• z - If present, it specifies a string to be used for deleting characters.

Returns:

• A translation table.

Example:

# maketrans() method
intab = "aeiou"
outtab = "12345"
trans_table = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
 
string = "Hello, World!"
translated_string = string.translate(trans_table)
 
print("Original String:", string)
print("Translated String:", translated_string)

# maketrans() method
intab = "aeiou"
outtab = "12345"
trans_table = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
 
string = "Hello, World!"
translated_string = string.translate(trans_table)
 
print("Original String:", string)
print("Translated String:", translated_string)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Hello, World!
Translated String: H2ll4, W4rld!

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Hello, World!
Translated String: H2ll4, W4rld!

28. partition()

The partition()partition() method divides a string into three parts based on the specified separator. It searches for the separator in the string, and once found, it returns a tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after the separator.

Syntax:

string.partition(separator)string.partition(separator)

• separator - The string to search for within the given string.

Returns:

• A tuple containing three elements: the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after the separator.

Example:

# partition() method
string = "Python is fun"
partitioned = string.partition("is")
 
print("Original String:", string)
print("Partitioned Result:", partitioned)

# partition() method
string = "Python is fun"
partitioned = string.partition("is")
 
print("Original String:", string)
print("Partitioned Result:", partitioned)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Python is fun
Partitioned Result: ('Python ', 'is', ' fun')

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Python is fun
Partitioned Result: ('Python ', 'is', ' fun')

29. replace()

The replace()replace() method returns a copy of the string where all occurrences of a substring is replaced with another substring.

Syntax:

string.replace(old, new, count)string.replace(old, new, count)

• old - The substring to be replaced.
• new - The string which would replace the substring passed.
• count (optional) - The number of times old substring needs to be replaced with new substring. Default is -1-1 which means replace all occurrences.
• Returns - A copy of the string where all occurrences of a substring is replaced with another substring.

Example:

# replace() method
string = "Python is fun"
replaced = string.replace("is", "was")
print("Original String:", string)
print("Replaced String:", replaced)

# replace() method
string = "Python is fun"
replaced = string.replace("is", "was")
print("Original String:", string)
print("Replaced String:", replaced)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Python is fun
Replaced String: Python was fun

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Python is fun
Replaced String: Python was fun

30. rfind()

The rfind()rfind() method finds the last occurrence of the specified value. The rfind()rfind() method returns -1-1 if the value is not found.

Syntax:

string.rfind(value, start, end)string.rfind(value, start, end)

• value - Required. The value to search for
• start (optional) - Optional. Where to start the search. Default is 00
• end (optional) - Optional. Where to end the search. Default is len(string)len(string)
• Returns - The index of the last occurrence of the specified value

Example:

# rfind() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rfind('s'))
print(string.rfind('s', 7, 14))

# rfind() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rfind('s'))
print(string.rfind('s', 7, 14))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
13
-1

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
13
-1

31. rindex()

The rindex()rindex() method finds the last occurrence of the specified value. The rindex()rindex() method raises an exception if the value is not found.

Syntax:

string.rindex(value, start, end)string.rindex(value, start, end)

• value - Required. The value to search for
• start (optional) - Optional. Where to start the search. Default is 00
• end (optional) - Optional. Where to end the search. Default is len(string)len(string)
• Returns - The index of the last occurrence of the specified value

Example:

# rindex() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rindex('s'))
print(string.rindex('s', 7, 14))

# rindex() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rindex('s'))
print(string.rindex('s', 7, 14))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
13
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "strings.py", line 4, in <module>
    print(string.rindex('s', 7, 14))
ValueError: substring not found

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
13
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "strings.py", line 4, in <module>
    print(string.rindex('s', 7, 14))
ValueError: substring not found

32. rjust()

The rjust()rjust() method will right align the string, using a specified character (space is default) as the fill character.

Syntax:

string.rjust(length, character)string.rjust(length, character)

• length - The length of the returned string
• character (optional) - The character to fill the missing space on the left side. Default is " "" "
• Returns - A right aligned string

Example:

# rjust() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rjust(20))
print(string.rjust(20, '*'))

# rjust() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rjust(20))
print(string.rjust(20, '*'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
      Python Strings
*******Python Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
      Python Strings
*******Python Strings

33. rpartition()

The rpartition()rpartition() method divides a string into three parts based on the specified separator. It searches for the separator in the string, moving from right to left, and once found, it returns a tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after the separator.

Syntax:

string.rpartition(separator)string.rpartition(separator)

• separator - The string to search for within the given string.
• Returns - A tuple containing three elements: the part before the separator, the separator itself, and the part after the separator.

Example:

# rpartition() method
string = "Python is fun"
partitioned = string.rpartition("is")
print("Original String:", string)
print("Partitioned Result:", partitioned)

# rpartition() method
string = "Python is fun"
partitioned = string.rpartition("is")
print("Original String:", string)
print("Partitioned Result:", partitioned)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Python is fun
Partitioned Result: ('Python ', 'is', ' fun')

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Original String: Python is fun
Partitioned Result: ('Python ', 'is', ' fun')

34. rsplit()

The rsplit()rsplit() method splits a string into a list, starting from the right. If no “max” is specified, this method will return the same as the split()split() method.

Syntax:

string.rsplit(separator, maxsplit)string.rsplit(separator, maxsplit)

• separator (optional) - Specifies the separator to use when splitting the string. By default any whitespace is a separator
• maxsplit (optional) - Specifies how many splits to do. Default value is -1-1, which is “all occurrences”
• Returns - A list of strings split at each separator

Example:

# rsplit() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rsplit())
print(string.rsplit(' ', 1))

# rsplit() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.rsplit())
print(string.rsplit(' ', 1))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
['Python', 'Strings']
['Python', 'Strings']

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
['Python', 'Strings']
['Python', 'Strings']

35. rstrip()

The rstrip()rstrip() method removes any trailing characters (characters at the end a string), space is the default trailing character to remove.

Syntax:

string.rstrip(characters)string.rstrip(characters)

• characters (optional) - A set of characters to remove as trailing characters
• Returns - A right trim version of the string

Example:

# rstrip() method
string = 'Python Strings   '
print(string.rstrip())
print(string.rstrip('   '))

# rstrip() method
string = 'Python Strings   '
print(string.rstrip())
print(string.rstrip('   '))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings

36. split()

The split()split() method splits a string into a list.

Syntax:

string.split(separator, maxsplit)string.split(separator, maxsplit)

• separator (optional) - Specifies the separator to use when splitting the string. By default any whitespace is a separator
• maxsplit (optional) - Specifies how many splits to do. Default value is -1-1, which is “all occurrences”
• Returns - A list of strings split at each separator

Example:

# split() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.split())
print(string.split(' ', 1))

# split() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.split())
print(string.split(' ', 1))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
['Python', 'Strings']
['Python', 'Strings']

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
['Python', 'Strings']
['Python', 'Strings']

37. splitlines()

The splitlines()splitlines() method splits a string into a list. The splitting is done at line breaks.

Syntax:

string.splitlines(keepends)string.splitlines(keepends)

• keepends (optional) - Specifies if the line breaks should be included (True), or not (False). Default value is FalseFalse
• Returns - A list of lines in the string

Example:

# splitlines() method
string = 'Python\nStrings'
print(string.splitlines())
print(string.splitlines(True))

# splitlines() method
string = 'Python\nStrings'
print(string.splitlines())
print(string.splitlines(True))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
['Python', 'Strings']
['Python\n', 'Strings']

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
['Python', 'Strings']
['Python\n', 'Strings']

38. startswith()

The startswith()startswith() method returns TrueTrue if the string starts with the specified value, otherwise FalseFalse.

Syntax:

string.startswith(value, start, end)string.startswith(value, start, end)

• value - Required. The value to check if the string starts with
• start (optional) - Optional. An Integer specifying at which position to start the search
• end (optional) - Optional. An Integer specifying at which position to end the search
• Returns - TrueTrue if the string starts with the specified value, otherwise FalseFalse

Example:

# startswith() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.startswith('P'))
print(string.startswith('p', 7, 14))

# startswith() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.startswith('P'))
print(string.startswith('p', 7, 14))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

39. strip()

The strip()strip() method removes any leading (spaces at the beginning) and trailing (spaces at the end) characters (space is the default leading character to remove)

Syntax:

string.strip(characters)string.strip(characters)

• characters (optional) - A set of characters to remove as leading/trailing characters
• Returns - A trimmed version of the string

Example:

# strip() method
string = '   Python Strings   '
print(string.strip())
print(string.strip('   '))

# strip() method
string = '   Python Strings   '
print(string.strip())
print(string.strip('   '))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python Strings

40. swapcase()

The swapcase()swapcase() method returns a string where all the upper case letters are lower case and vice versa.

Syntax:

string.swapcase()string.swapcase()

• Returns - A string where all the upper case letters are lower case and vice versa

Example:

# swapcase() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.swapcase())

# swapcase() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.swapcase())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
pYTHON sTRINGS

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
pYTHON sTRINGS

41. title()

The title()title() method returns a string where the first character in every word is upper case. Like a header, or a title.

Syntax:

string.title()string.title()

• Returns - A string where the first character in every word is upper case

Example:

# title() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.title())

# title() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.title())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings

42. translate()

The translate()translate() method returns a string where some specified characters are replaced with the character described in a dictionary, or in a mapping table.

Syntax:

string.translate(table)string.translate(table)

• table - A mapping table, where each character in the intab parameter will be mapped to the character at the same position in the outtab parameter.
• Returns - A string where specified characters are replaced with specified characters

Example:

# translate() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.translate({ord('P'): 'J'}))
print(string.translate({ord('P'): 'J', ord('S'): 'L'}))

# translate() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.translate({ord('P'): 'J'}))
print(string.translate({ord('P'): 'J', ord('S'): 'L'}))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Jython Strings
Jython Ltrings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Jython Strings
Jython Ltrings

43. upper()

The upper()upper() method returns a string where all characters are in upper case.

Syntax:

string.upper()string.upper()

• Returns - A string where all characters are in upper case
• Example:

# upper() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.upper())

# upper() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.upper())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
PYTHON STRINGS

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
PYTHON STRINGS

44. zfill()

The zfill()zfill() method adds zeros (0) at the beginning of the string, until it reaches the specified length.

Syntax:

string.zfill(length)string.zfill(length)

• length - The length of the returned string, with 00 digits filled to the left
• Returns - A copy of the string with 00 digits to the left of the specified length

Example:

# zfill() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.zfill(20))
print(string.zfill(20).upper())

# zfill() method
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string.zfill(20))
print(string.zfill(20).upper())

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
000000Python Strings
000000PYTHON STRINGS

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
000000Python Strings
000000PYTHON STRINGS

45. +

The ++ operator is used to concatenate two strings.

Syntax:

string1 + string2string1 + string2

• string1 - Required. First string to be concatenated
• string2 - Required. Second string to be concatenated
• Returns - A concatenated string

Example:

# + operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 + string2)

# + operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 + string2)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
PythonStrings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
PythonStrings

46. *

The ** operator is used to repeat a string for a given number of times.

Syntax:

string * numberstring * number

• string - Required. The string to be repeated
• number - Required. A number specifying how many times the string should be repeated
• Returns - A string repeated the specified number of times

Example:

# * operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string * 2)
print(string * 3)

# * operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string * 2)
print(string * 3)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python StringsPython Strings
Python StringsPython StringsPython Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python StringsPython Strings
Python StringsPython StringsPython Strings

47. []

The [][] operator is used to slice a string.

Syntax:

string[index]string[index]

• index - Required. An integer specifying at which position to start the slicing. The indexing starts from 00
• Returns - A sliced string

Example:

# [] operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string[0])
print(string[7])

# [] operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string[0])
print(string[7])

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
P
S

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
P
S

48. [:]

The [:][:] operator is used to slice a string.

Syntax:

string[start:end:step]string[start:end:step]

• start (optional) - Optional. An integer specifying at which position to start the slicing. The indexing starts from 00
• end (optional) - Optional. An integer specifying at which position to end the slicing
• step (optional) - Optional. An integer specifying the step of the slicing. Default is 11
• Returns - A sliced string

Example:

# [:] operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string[:6])
print(string[7:])

# [:] operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print(string[:6])
print(string[7:])

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python
Strings

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python
Strings

49. in

The inin operator returns TrueTrue if a specified character is present in the string.

Syntax:

character in stringcharacter in string

• character - Required. A character to be searched for
• string - Required. The string to search in
• Returns - TrueTrue if the specified character is present in the string

Example:

# in operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print('P' in string)
print('p' in string)

# in operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print('P' in string)
print('p' in string)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

50. not in

The not innot in operator returns TrueTrue if a specified character is not present in the string.

Syntax:

character not in stringcharacter not in string

• character - Required. A character to be searched for
• string - Required. The string to search in
• Returns - TrueTrue if the specified character is not present in the string

Example:

# not in operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print('P' not in string)
print('p' not in string)

# not in operator
string = 'Python Strings'
print('P' not in string)
print('p' not in string)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
True

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
True

51. %

The %% operator is used to format a set of variables enclosed in a “tuple” (a fixed size list), together with a format string, which contains normal text together with “argument specifiers”, special symbols like %s%s and %d%d.

Syntax:

string % valuesstring % values

• string - Required. A string containing the format string and argument specifiers
• values - Required. A tuple containing the values to be formatted
• Returns - A formatted string

Example:

# % operator
string = 'Python %s'
print(string % 'Strings')
print(string % 3.6)

# % operator
string = 'Python %s'
print(string % 'Strings')
print(string % 3.6)

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python 3.6

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
Python Strings
Python 3.6

52. <

The << operator is used to compare two strings, to determine if the left string is less than the right string.

Syntax:

string1 < string2string1 < string2

• string1 - Required. The first string to be compared
• string2 - Required. The second string to be compared
• Returns - TrueTrue if the left string is less than the right string

Example:

# < operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 < string2)
print(string1 < 'Python')

# < operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 < string2)
print(string1 < 'Python')

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

53. <=

The <=<= operator is used to compare two strings, to determine if the left string is less than or equal to the right string.

Syntax:

string1 <= string2string1 <= string2

• string1 - Required. The first string to be compared
• string2 - Required. The second string to be compared
• Returns - TrueTrue if the left string is less than or equal to the right string

Example:

# <= operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 <= string2)
print(string1 <= 'Python')

# <= operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 <= string2)
print(string1 <= 'Python')

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
True

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
True

54. >

The >> operator is used to compare two strings, to determine if the left string is greater than the right string.

Syntax:

string1 > string2string1 > string2

• string1 - Required. The first string to be compared
• string2 - Required. The second string to be compared
• Returns - TrueTrue if the left string is greater than the right string

Example:

# > operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 > string2)
print(string1 > 'Python')

# > operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 > string2)
print(string1 > 'Python')

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
False

55. >=

The >=>= operator is used to compare two strings, to determine if the left string is greater than or equal to the right string.

Syntax:

string1 >= string2string1 >= string2

• string1 - Required. The first string to be compared
• string2 - Required. The second string to be compared
• Returns - TrueTrue if the left string is greater than or equal to the right string

Example:

# >= operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 >= string2)
print(string1 >= 'Python')

# >= operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 >= string2)
print(string1 >= 'Python')

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
True

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
True

56. ==

The ==== operator is used to compare two strings, to determine if the left string is equal to the right string.

Syntax:

string1 == string2string1 == string2

• string1 - Required. The first string to be compared
• string2 - Required. The second string to be compared
• Returns - TrueTrue if the left string is equal to the right string

Example:

# == operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 == string2)
print(string1 == 'Python')

# == operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 == string2)
print(string1 == 'Python')

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
True

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
False
True

57. !=

The !=!= operator is used to compare two strings, to determine if the left string is not equal to the right string.

Syntax:

string1 != string2string1 != string2

• string1 - Required. The first string to be compared
• string2 - Required. The second string to be compared
• Returns - TrueTrue if the left string is not equal to the right string

Example:

# != operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 != string2)
print(string1 != 'Python')

# != operator
string1 = 'Python'
string2 = 'Strings'
print(string1 != string2)
print(string1 != 'Python')

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
True
False

58. ord()

The ord()ord() function returns an integer representing the Unicode character.

Syntax:

ord(character)ord(character)

• character - Required. A character
• Returns - An integer representing the Unicode character

Example:

# ord() function
print(ord('A'))
print(ord('a'))

# ord() function
print(ord('A'))
print(ord('a'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
65
97

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
65
97

59. hex()

The hex()hex() function converts an integer number to the corresponding hexadecimal string.

Syntax:

hex(number)hex(number)

• number - Required. An integer number (int object)
• Returns - A hexadecimal string

Example:

# hex() function
print(hex(255))
print(hex(-42))

# hex() function
print(hex(255))
print(hex(-42))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
0xff
-0x2a

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
0xff
-0x2a

60. oct()

The oct()oct() function converts an integer number to the corresponding octal string.

Syntax:

oct(number)oct(number)

• number - Required. An integer number (int object)
• Returns - An octal string

Example:

# oct() function
print(oct(255))
print(oct(-42))

# oct() function
print(oct(255))
print(oct(-42))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
0o377
-0o52

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
0o377
-0o52

61. bin()

The bin()bin() function converts an integer number to the corresponding binary string.

Syntax:

bin(number)bin(number)

• number - Required. An integer number (int object)
• Returns - A binary string

Example:

# bin() function
print(bin(255))
print(bin(-42))

# bin() function
print(bin(255))
print(bin(-42))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
0b11111111
-0b101010

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
0b11111111
-0b101010

62. chr()

The chr()chr() function returns a character (a string) from an integer (represents unicode code point of the character).

Syntax:

chr(number)chr(number)

• number - Required. An integer representing the Unicode code point of the character
• Returns - A character (a string) from an integer (represents unicode code point of the character)

Example:

# chr() function
print(chr(65))
print(chr(97))

# chr() function
print(chr(65))
print(chr(97))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
A
a

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
A
a

63. len()

The len()len() function returns the number of items (length) in an object.

Syntax:

len(object)len(object)

• object - Required. An object (string, bytes or array etc.)
• Returns - The number of items in an object

Example:

# len() function
print(len('Python'))
print(len('Python Strings'))

# len() function
print(len('Python'))
print(len('Python Strings'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
6
14

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
6
14

64. repr()

The repr()repr() function returns a printable representation of the given object.

Syntax:

repr(object)repr(object)

• object - Required. Any object, like lists, tuples, strings etc.
• Returns - A printable representation of the given object

Example:

# repr() function
print(repr('Python'))
print(repr('Python Strings'))

# repr() function
print(repr('Python'))
print(repr('Python Strings'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
'Python'
'Python Strings'

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
'Python'
'Python Strings'

65. ascii()

The ascii()ascii() function returns a readable version of any object (Strings, Tuples, Lists, etc).

Syntax:

ascii(object)ascii(object)

• object - Required. Any object, like lists, tuples, strings etc.
• Returns - A readable version of any object (Strings, Tuples, Lists, etc)

Example:

# ascii() function
print(ascii('Python'))
print(ascii('Python Strings'))

# ascii() function
print(ascii('Python'))
print(ascii('Python Strings'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
'Python'
'Python Strings'

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
'Python'
'Python Strings'

66. max()

The max()max() function returns the largest item in an iterable.

Syntax:

max(iterable)max(iterable)

• iterable - Required. An iterable object (list, tuple, string etc.)
• Returns - The largest item in the given iterable

Example:

# max() function
print(max('Python'))
print(max('Python Strings'))

# max() function
print(max('Python'))
print(max('Python Strings'))

Output

C:\Users\Your Name> python strings.py
y
y