Linear Algebra with NumPy
Why linear algebra is useful
Linear algebra appears in:
- Regression
- Optimization
- Dimensionality reduction
- Correlation and covariance
NumPy provides numpy.linalgnumpy.linalg for common operations.
Dot product
dot
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
print(np.dot(a, b)) # 1*4 + 2*5 + 3*6dot
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
print(np.dot(a, b)) # 1*4 + 2*5 + 3*6Matrix multiplication
matmul
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
B = np.array([[10, 20], [30, 40]])
print(A @ B)
print(np.matmul(A, B))matmul
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
B = np.array([[10, 20], [30, 40]])
print(A @ B)
print(np.matmul(A, B))Transpose
transpose
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(A.T)transpose
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(A.T)Determinant and inverse
det-inv
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
det = np.linalg.det(A)
inv = np.linalg.inv(A)
print("det:", det)
print("inv:\n", inv)det-inv
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
det = np.linalg.det(A)
inv = np.linalg.inv(A)
print("det:", det)
print("inv:\n", inv)Solve a system of equations
Solve A x = bA x = b:
solve
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[2, 1], [1, 3]])
b = np.array([8, 13])
x = np.linalg.solve(A, b)
print(x)solve
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[2, 1], [1, 3]])
b = np.array([8, 13])
x = np.linalg.solve(A, b)
print(x)Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
eig
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[2, 0], [0, 3]])
vals, vecs = np.linalg.eig(A)
print("eigenvalues:", vals)
print("eigenvectors:\n", vecs)eig
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[2, 0], [0, 3]])
vals, vecs = np.linalg.eig(A)
print("eigenvalues:", vals)
print("eigenvectors:\n", vecs)Norms (vector length)
norm
import numpy as np
v = np.array([3, 4])
print(np.linalg.norm(v)) # 5norm
import numpy as np
v = np.array([3, 4])
print(np.linalg.norm(v)) # 5Next
Continue to: Statistical Functions in NumPy for mean/median/std/percentiles and basic descriptive analytics.
๐งช Try It Yourself
Exercise 1 โ Create a NumPy Array
Exercise 2 โ Array Shape and Reshape
Exercise 3 โ Array Arithmetic
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