Personal Finance Tracker
Abstract
This is the project where the standard library finally feels like an application platform. You’ll build a personal finance manager that records income and expenses in SQLite, organizes them by category, tracks budgets and savings goals, and surfaces everything in a tabbed Tkinter dashboard with live matplotlib charts embedded right in the window. It exports and imports CSV/JSON, fires budget alerts, and generates plain-language insights about your spending. One engine (PersonalFinanceTrackerPersonalFinanceTracker) drives two front ends (GUI and CLI) — a clean separation worth studying.
You will leave understanding:
- How to model a real domain with related SQLite tables and SQL aggregation.
- How to embed a matplotlib figure inside Tkinter with
FigureCanvasTkAggFigureCanvasTkAgg. - The “data class + view class” split that keeps logic out of the UI.
- How
GROUP BYGROUP BY+CASECASEturn raw transactions into budgets, reports, and insights.
Prerequisites
- Python 3.7 or above.
- A text editor or IDE.
pip install matplotlib pandaspip install matplotlib pandas(sqlite3sqlite3,tkintertkinter,csvcsv,jsonjsonare built in).- SQL basics (
JOINJOIN,GROUP BYGROUP BY,SUMSUM) and Tkinter familiarity. - The GUI SQL Database Viewer is good warm-up for
TreeviewTreeview.
Getting Started
Create the project
- Create a folder named
finance-trackerfinance-tracker. - Inside it, create
personalfinancetracker.pypersonalfinancetracker.py. - Install dependencies:
pip install matplotlib pandaspip install matplotlib pandas.
Write the code
personalfinancetracker.py
Sourcepersonalfinancetracker.py
import sqlite3
import datetime
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import json
import csv
import os
from decimal import Decimal
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, filedialog
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
import pandas as pd
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional
import re
class PersonalFinanceTracker:
def __init__(self, db_path="finance_tracker.db"):
"""Initialize the Personal Finance Tracker with database connection."""
self.db_path = db_path
self.conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
self.init_database()
def init_database(self):
"""Create necessary tables for the finance tracker."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# Categories table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS categories (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
type TEXT CHECK(type IN ('income', 'expense')) NOT NULL,
color TEXT DEFAULT '#007bff',
budget_limit REAL DEFAULT 0,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
''')
# Transactions table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transactions (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
amount REAL NOT NULL,
description TEXT NOT NULL,
category_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
date DATE NOT NULL,
payment_method TEXT DEFAULT 'cash',
location TEXT,
tags TEXT,
recurring BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0,
recurring_frequency TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories (id)
)
''')
# Budgets table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS budgets (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
category_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
amount REAL NOT NULL,
period TEXT CHECK(period IN ('weekly', 'monthly', 'yearly')) NOT NULL,
start_date DATE NOT NULL,
end_date DATE NOT NULL,
alert_threshold REAL DEFAULT 0.8,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories (id)
)
''')
# Goals table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS goals (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
target_amount REAL NOT NULL,
current_amount REAL DEFAULT 0,
target_date DATE,
description TEXT,
priority INTEGER DEFAULT 1,
achieved BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
''')
# Accounts table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS accounts (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
type TEXT CHECK(type IN ('checking', 'savings', 'credit', 'investment')) NOT NULL,
balance REAL DEFAULT 0,
currency TEXT DEFAULT 'USD',
bank TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
''')
self.conn.commit()
self.populate_default_categories()
def populate_default_categories(self):
"""Add default categories if none exist."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM categories")
if cursor.fetchone()[0] == 0:
default_categories = [
('Salary', 'income', '#28a745'),
('Freelance', 'income', '#17a2b8'),
('Investment', 'income', '#ffc107'),
('Food & Dining', 'expense', '#dc3545'),
('Transportation', 'expense', '#6f42c1'),
('Shopping', 'expense', '#fd7e14'),
('Entertainment', 'expense', '#e83e8c'),
('Bills & Utilities', 'expense', '#6c757d'),
('Healthcare', 'expense', '#20c997'),
('Education', 'expense', '#0d6efd')
]
cursor.executemany(
"INSERT INTO categories (name, type, color) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
default_categories
)
self.conn.commit()
def add_transaction(self, amount: float, description: str, category_id: int,
date: str = None, payment_method: str = 'cash',
location: str = '', tags: str = '') -> int:
"""Add a new transaction to the database."""
if date is None:
date = datetime.date.today().isoformat()
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO transactions (amount, description, category_id, date,
payment_method, location, tags)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
''', (amount, description, category_id, date, payment_method, location, tags))
transaction_id = cursor.lastrowid
self.conn.commit()
# Update account balance if account tracking is enabled
self.update_balance_after_transaction(amount, category_id)
return transaction_id
def update_balance_after_transaction(self, amount: float, category_id: int):
"""Update account balance based on transaction type."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT type FROM categories WHERE id = ?", (category_id,))
category_type = cursor.fetchone()[0]
# For simplicity, assume primary account
cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM accounts LIMIT 1")
account = cursor.fetchone()
if account:
if category_type == 'income':
cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + ? WHERE id = ?",
(amount, account[0]))
else:
cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - ? WHERE id = ?",
(amount, account[0]))
self.conn.commit()
def get_transactions(self, start_date: str = None, end_date: str = None,
category_id: int = None, limit: int = None) -> List[Tuple]:
"""Retrieve transactions with optional filtering."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
query = '''
SELECT t.id, t.amount, t.description, c.name, c.type, t.date,
t.payment_method, t.location, t.tags
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
'''
params = []
conditions = []
if start_date:
conditions.append("t.date >= ?")
params.append(start_date)
if end_date:
conditions.append("t.date <= ?")
params.append(end_date)
if category_id:
conditions.append("t.category_id = ?")
params.append(category_id)
if conditions:
query += " WHERE " + " AND ".join(conditions)
query += " ORDER BY t.date DESC, t.created_at DESC"
if limit:
query += f" LIMIT {limit}"
cursor.execute(query, params)
return cursor.fetchall()
def get_balance_summary(self) -> Dict[str, float]:
"""Get overall financial summary."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# Total income
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'income'
''')
total_income = cursor.fetchone()[0]
# Total expenses
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'expense'
''')
total_expenses = cursor.fetchone()[0]
# Net worth
net_worth = total_income - total_expenses
# This month's income and expenses
current_month = datetime.date.today().replace(day=1).isoformat()
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'income' AND t.date >= ?
''', (current_month,))
monthly_income = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'expense' AND t.date >= ?
''', (current_month,))
monthly_expenses = cursor.fetchone()[0]
return {
'total_income': total_income,
'total_expenses': total_expenses,
'net_worth': net_worth,
'monthly_income': monthly_income,
'monthly_expenses': monthly_expenses,
'monthly_savings': monthly_income - monthly_expenses
}
def get_category_spending(self, period: str = 'monthly') -> List[Tuple]:
"""Get spending breakdown by category."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
if period == 'monthly':
start_date = datetime.date.today().replace(day=1).isoformat()
elif period == 'yearly':
start_date = datetime.date.today().replace(month=1, day=1).isoformat()
else: # All time
start_date = '1900-01-01'
cursor.execute('''
SELECT c.name, c.color, SUM(t.amount) as total, c.type
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date >= ?
GROUP BY c.id, c.name, c.color, c.type
ORDER BY total DESC
''', (start_date,))
return cursor.fetchall()
def create_budget(self, category_id: int, amount: float, period: str,
start_date: str, end_date: str) -> int:
"""Create a new budget for a category."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO budgets (category_id, amount, period, start_date, end_date)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
''', (category_id, amount, period, start_date, end_date))
budget_id = cursor.lastrowid
self.conn.commit()
return budget_id
def check_budget_status(self) -> List[Dict]:
"""Check budget status and alerts."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
SELECT b.id, b.amount, b.period, b.alert_threshold, c.name,
b.start_date, b.end_date
FROM budgets b
JOIN categories c ON b.category_id = c.id
WHERE b.end_date >= date('now')
''')
budgets = cursor.fetchall()
budget_status = []
for budget in budgets:
budget_id, amount, period, threshold, category, start_date, end_date = budget
# Calculate spent amount in budget period
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.name = ? AND t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
''', (category, start_date, end_date))
spent = cursor.fetchone()[0]
percentage = (spent / amount) * 100 if amount > 0 else 0
status = {
'category': category,
'budget': amount,
'spent': spent,
'remaining': amount - spent,
'percentage': percentage,
'alert': percentage >= (threshold * 100),
'period': period
}
budget_status.append(status)
return budget_status
def add_goal(self, name: str, target_amount: float, target_date: str = None,
description: str = '', priority: int = 1) -> int:
"""Add a financial goal."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO goals (name, target_amount, target_date, description, priority)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
''', (name, target_amount, target_date, description, priority))
goal_id = cursor.lastrowid
self.conn.commit()
return goal_id
def update_goal_progress(self, goal_id: int, amount: float):
"""Update progress towards a goal."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
UPDATE goals
SET current_amount = current_amount + ?
WHERE id = ?
''', (amount, goal_id))
# Check if goal is achieved
cursor.execute('''
UPDATE goals
SET achieved = 1
WHERE id = ? AND current_amount >= target_amount
''', (goal_id,))
self.conn.commit()
def get_goals(self) -> List[Tuple]:
"""Get all financial goals with progress."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
SELECT id, name, target_amount, current_amount, target_date,
description, priority, achieved,
ROUND((current_amount / target_amount) * 100, 2) as progress
FROM goals
ORDER BY priority, target_date
''')
return cursor.fetchall()
def generate_monthly_report(self, year: int, month: int) -> Dict:
"""Generate comprehensive monthly financial report."""
start_date = f"{year}-{month:02d}-01"
# Calculate last day of month
if month == 12:
next_month = datetime.date(year + 1, 1, 1)
else:
next_month = datetime.date(year, month + 1, 1)
last_day = (next_month - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).day
end_date = f"{year}-{month:02d}-{last_day:02d}"
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# Monthly totals
cursor.execute('''
SELECT c.type, SUM(t.amount)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
GROUP BY c.type
''', (start_date, end_date))
totals = dict(cursor.fetchall())
income = totals.get('income', 0)
expenses = totals.get('expense', 0)
# Category breakdown
cursor.execute('''
SELECT c.name, SUM(t.amount), c.type
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
GROUP BY c.id, c.name, c.type
ORDER BY SUM(t.amount) DESC
''', (start_date, end_date))
categories = cursor.fetchall()
# Daily spending pattern
cursor.execute('''
SELECT t.date, SUM(CASE WHEN c.type = 'expense' THEN t.amount ELSE 0 END) as expenses,
SUM(CASE WHEN c.type = 'income' THEN t.amount ELSE 0 END) as income
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
GROUP BY t.date
ORDER BY t.date
''', (start_date, end_date))
daily_data = cursor.fetchall()
return {
'period': f"{year}-{month:02d}",
'income': income,
'expenses': expenses,
'savings': income - expenses,
'categories': categories,
'daily_data': daily_data,
'savings_rate': (income - expenses) / income * 100 if income > 0 else 0
}
def export_data(self, filename: str, format_type: str = 'csv'):
"""Export financial data to CSV or JSON."""
transactions = self.get_transactions()
if format_type.lower() == 'csv':
with open(filename, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
writer.writerow(['ID', 'Amount', 'Description', 'Category', 'Type',
'Date', 'Payment Method', 'Location', 'Tags'])
writer.writerows(transactions)
elif format_type.lower() == 'json':
data = []
for transaction in transactions:
data.append({
'id': transaction[0],
'amount': transaction[1],
'description': transaction[2],
'category': transaction[3],
'type': transaction[4],
'date': transaction[5],
'payment_method': transaction[6],
'location': transaction[7],
'tags': transaction[8]
})
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as jsonfile:
json.dump(data, jsonfile, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
def import_data(self, filename: str):
"""Import financial data from CSV file."""
try:
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
for row in reader:
# Find or create category
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM categories WHERE name = ?",
(row['Category'],))
category = cursor.fetchone()
if not category:
# Create new category
cursor.execute(
"INSERT INTO categories (name, type) VALUES (?, ?)",
(row['Category'], row.get('Type', 'expense'))
)
category_id = cursor.lastrowid
else:
category_id = category[0]
# Add transaction
self.add_transaction(
amount=float(row['Amount']),
description=row['Description'],
category_id=category_id,
date=row['Date'],
payment_method=row.get('Payment Method', 'cash'),
location=row.get('Location', ''),
tags=row.get('Tags', '')
)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Import error: {e}")
def get_financial_insights(self) -> Dict:
"""Generate AI-like financial insights and recommendations."""
summary = self.get_balance_summary()
category_spending = self.get_category_spending('monthly')
insights = {
'spending_habits': [],
'recommendations': [],
'warnings': [],
'achievements': []
}
# Analyze spending patterns
if summary['monthly_expenses'] > summary['monthly_income']:
insights['warnings'].append(
"⚠️ You're spending more than you earn this month!"
)
insights['recommendations'].append(
"💡 Review your expenses and identify areas to cut back"
)
# Savings rate analysis
if summary['monthly_income'] > 0:
savings_rate = (summary['monthly_savings'] / summary['monthly_income']) * 100
if savings_rate >= 20:
insights['achievements'].append(
f"🎉 Excellent! You're saving {savings_rate:.1f}% of your income"
)
elif savings_rate >= 10:
insights['achievements'].append(
f"👍 Good job! You're saving {savings_rate:.1f}% of your income"
)
else:
insights['recommendations'].append(
f"💰 Try to increase your savings rate (currently {savings_rate:.1f}%)"
)
# Top spending category
if category_spending:
top_expense = max(
[cat for cat in category_spending if cat[3] == 'expense'],
key=lambda x: x[2],
default=None
)
if top_expense:
insights['spending_habits'].append(
f"🛒 Your biggest expense category is {top_expense[0]} (${top_expense[2]:.2f})"
)
return insights
def close(self):
"""Close database connection."""
self.conn.close()
class FinanceTrackerGUI:
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the GUI application."""
self.tracker = PersonalFinanceTracker()
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.title("Personal Finance Tracker")
self.root.geometry("1200x800")
# Configure style
self.style = ttk.Style()
self.style.theme_use('clam')
self.create_widgets()
self.refresh_data()
def create_widgets(self):
"""Create and arrange GUI widgets."""
# Create notebook for tabs
self.notebook = ttk.Notebook(self.root)
self.notebook.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
# Dashboard tab
self.create_dashboard_tab()
# Transactions tab
self.create_transactions_tab()
# Budget tab
self.create_budget_tab()
# Goals tab
self.create_goals_tab()
# Reports tab
self.create_reports_tab()
def create_dashboard_tab(self):
"""Create dashboard overview tab."""
dashboard_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(dashboard_frame, text="Dashboard")
# Summary cards frame
summary_frame = ttk.Frame(dashboard_frame)
summary_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
# Financial summary labels
self.income_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Monthly Income: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.income_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.expenses_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Monthly Expenses: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.expenses_label.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.savings_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Monthly Savings: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.savings_label.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.networth_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Net Worth: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.networth_label.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
# Charts frame
charts_frame = ttk.Frame(dashboard_frame)
charts_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
# Create matplotlib figure for charts
self.fig, (self.ax1, self.ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, charts_frame)
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill='both', expand=True)
# Insights text area
insights_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(dashboard_frame, text="Financial Insights")
insights_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
self.insights_text = tk.Text(insights_frame, height=6, wrap='word')
insights_scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(insights_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.insights_text.yview)
self.insights_text.configure(yscrollcommand=insights_scrollbar.set)
self.insights_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
insights_scrollbar.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def create_transactions_tab(self):
"""Create transactions management tab."""
transactions_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(transactions_frame, text="Transactions")
# Add transaction form
form_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(transactions_frame, text="Add Transaction")
form_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
# Form fields
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Amount:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.amount_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=15)
self.amount_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Description:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.description_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)
self.description_entry.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Category:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.category_combo = ttk.Combobox(form_frame, width=20)
self.category_combo.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Payment Method:").grid(row=1, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.payment_combo = ttk.Combobox(form_frame,
values=['cash', 'card', 'bank_transfer', 'online'],
width=15)
self.payment_combo.set('cash')
self.payment_combo.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
# Add button
add_btn = ttk.Button(form_frame, text="Add Transaction",
command=self.add_transaction)
add_btn.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)
# Transactions list
list_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(transactions_frame, text="Recent Transactions")
list_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
# Treeview for transactions
columns = ('Date', 'Amount', 'Description', 'Category', 'Payment Method')
self.transactions_tree = ttk.Treeview(list_frame, columns=columns, show='headings')
for col in columns:
self.transactions_tree.heading(col, text=col)
self.transactions_tree.column(col, width=120)
# Scrollbars
tree_scroll_y = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.transactions_tree.yview)
tree_scroll_x = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient='horizontal',
command=self.transactions_tree.xview)
self.transactions_tree.configure(yscrollcommand=tree_scroll_y.set,
xscrollcommand=tree_scroll_x.set)
self.transactions_tree.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
tree_scroll_y.pack(side='right', fill='y')
tree_scroll_x.pack(side='bottom', fill='x')
def create_budget_tab(self):
"""Create budget management tab."""
budget_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(budget_frame, text="Budgets")
# Budget status display
status_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(budget_frame, text="Budget Status")
status_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
self.budget_text = tk.Text(status_frame, height=15, wrap='word')
budget_scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(status_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.budget_text.yview)
self.budget_text.configure(yscrollcommand=budget_scroll.set)
self.budget_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
budget_scroll.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def create_goals_tab(self):
"""Create financial goals tab."""
goals_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(goals_frame, text="Goals")
# Add goal form
form_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(goals_frame, text="Add Financial Goal")
form_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Goal Name:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.goal_name_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)
self.goal_name_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Target Amount:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.goal_amount_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=15)
self.goal_amount_entry.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
add_goal_btn = ttk.Button(form_frame, text="Add Goal", command=self.add_goal)
add_goal_btn.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)
# Goals list
list_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(goals_frame, text="Financial Goals")
list_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
self.goals_text = tk.Text(list_frame, height=15, wrap='word')
goals_scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.goals_text.yview)
self.goals_text.configure(yscrollcommand=goals_scroll.set)
self.goals_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
goals_scroll.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def create_reports_tab(self):
"""Create reports and analytics tab."""
reports_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(reports_frame, text="Reports")
# Export/Import frame
io_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(reports_frame, text="Data Management")
io_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
export_btn = ttk.Button(io_frame, text="Export Data", command=self.export_data)
export_btn.pack(side='left', padx=5, pady=5)
import_btn = ttk.Button(io_frame, text="Import Data", command=self.import_data)
import_btn.pack(side='left', padx=5, pady=5)
# Monthly report
report_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(reports_frame, text="Monthly Report")
report_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
self.report_text = tk.Text(report_frame, height=20, wrap='word')
report_scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(report_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.report_text.yview)
self.report_text.configure(yscrollcommand=report_scroll.set)
self.report_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
report_scroll.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def add_transaction(self):
"""Add a new transaction from the form."""
try:
amount = float(self.amount_entry.get())
description = self.description_entry.get()
category_name = self.category_combo.get()
payment_method = self.payment_combo.get()
if not description or not category_name:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please fill in all required fields")
return
# Get category ID
cursor = self.tracker.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM categories WHERE name = ?", (category_name,))
category = cursor.fetchone()
if not category:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Invalid category selected")
return
# Add transaction
self.tracker.add_transaction(
amount=amount,
description=description,
category_id=category[0],
payment_method=payment_method
)
# Clear form
self.amount_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
self.description_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
# Refresh data
self.refresh_data()
messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Transaction added successfully!")
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter a valid amount")
except Exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("Error", f"Failed to add transaction: {e}")
def add_goal(self):
"""Add a new financial goal."""
try:
name = self.goal_name_entry.get()
amount = float(self.goal_amount_entry.get())
if not name:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter a goal name")
return
self.tracker.add_goal(name=name, target_amount=amount)
# Clear form
self.goal_name_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
self.goal_amount_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
# Refresh data
self.refresh_data()
messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Goal added successfully!")
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter a valid amount")
except Exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("Error", f"Failed to add goal: {e}")
def export_data(self):
"""Export financial data to file."""
filename = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
defaultextension=".csv",
filetypes=[("CSV files", "*.csv"), ("JSON files", "*.json")]
)
if filename:
file_extension = filename.split('.')[-1].lower()
self.tracker.export_data(filename, file_extension)
messagebox.showinfo("Success", f"Data exported to {filename}")
def import_data(self):
"""Import financial data from file."""
filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(
filetypes=[("CSV files", "*.csv")]
)
if filename:
try:
self.tracker.import_data(filename)
self.refresh_data()
messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Data imported successfully!")
except Exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("Error", f"Failed to import data: {e}")
def refresh_data(self):
"""Refresh all data displays."""
self.update_dashboard()
self.update_transactions_list()
self.update_categories_combo()
self.update_budget_status()
self.update_goals_display()
self.update_monthly_report()
def update_dashboard(self):
"""Update dashboard with current financial summary."""
summary = self.tracker.get_balance_summary()
# Update summary labels
self.income_label.config(text=f"Monthly Income: ${summary['monthly_income']:.2f}")
self.expenses_label.config(text=f"Monthly Expenses: ${summary['monthly_expenses']:.2f}")
self.savings_label.config(text=f"Monthly Savings: ${summary['monthly_savings']:.2f}")
self.networth_label.config(text=f"Net Worth: ${summary['net_worth']:.2f}")
# Update charts
self.update_charts()
# Update insights
self.update_insights()
def update_charts(self):
"""Update dashboard charts."""
# Clear previous charts
self.ax1.clear()
self.ax2.clear()
# Category spending pie chart
category_data = self.tracker.get_category_spending('monthly')
if category_data:
expenses = [cat for cat in category_data if cat[3] == 'expense']
if expenses:
labels = [cat[0] for cat in expenses]
amounts = [cat[2] for cat in expenses]
colors = [cat[1] for cat in expenses]
self.ax1.pie(amounts, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%')
self.ax1.set_title('Monthly Expenses by Category')
# Monthly trend line chart (last 6 months)
today = datetime.date.today()
months_data = []
for i in range(6):
month_date = today.replace(day=1) - datetime.timedelta(days=i*30)
report = self.tracker.generate_monthly_report(month_date.year, month_date.month)
months_data.append((month_date.strftime('%b %Y'), report['expenses'], report['income']))
months_data.reverse()
if months_data:
months = [data[0] for data in months_data]
expenses = [data[1] for data in months_data]
income = [data[2] for data in months_data]
x = range(len(months))
self.ax2.plot(x, expenses, label='Expenses', marker='o', color='red')
self.ax2.plot(x, income, label='Income', marker='o', color='green')
self.ax2.set_xticks(x)
self.ax2.set_xticklabels(months, rotation=45)
self.ax2.set_title('6-Month Income vs Expenses Trend')
self.ax2.legend()
self.ax2.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
self.fig.tight_layout()
self.canvas.draw()
def update_insights(self):
"""Update financial insights display."""
insights = self.tracker.get_financial_insights()
self.insights_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
for category, messages in insights.items():
if messages:
self.insights_text.insert(tk.END, f"{category.replace('_', ' ').title()}:\n")
for message in messages:
self.insights_text.insert(tk.END, f" {message}\n")
self.insights_text.insert(tk.END, "\n")
def update_transactions_list(self):
"""Update transactions list display."""
# Clear existing items
for item in self.transactions_tree.get_children():
self.transactions_tree.delete(item)
# Get recent transactions
transactions = self.tracker.get_transactions(limit=50)
for transaction in transactions:
self.transactions_tree.insert('', 'end', values=(
transaction[5], # date
f"${transaction[1]:.2f}", # amount
transaction[2], # description
transaction[3], # category
transaction[6] # payment method
))
def update_categories_combo(self):
"""Update categories combobox."""
cursor = self.tracker.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM categories ORDER BY name")
categories = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
self.category_combo['values'] = categories
def update_budget_status(self):
"""Update budget status display."""
budget_status = self.tracker.check_budget_status()
self.budget_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
if not budget_status:
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "No active budgets found.\n")
return
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "📊 BUDGET STATUS OVERVIEW\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "=" * 50 + "\n\n")
for budget in budget_status:
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Category: {budget['category']}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Budget: ${budget['budget']:.2f}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Spent: ${budget['spent']:.2f}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Remaining: ${budget['remaining']:.2f}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Progress: {budget['percentage']:.1f}%\n")
if budget['alert']:
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "⚠️ BUDGET ALERT: You're approaching your limit!\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "-" * 30 + "\n\n")
def update_goals_display(self):
"""Update financial goals display."""
goals = self.tracker.get_goals()
self.goals_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
if not goals:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "No financial goals set.\n")
return
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "🎯 FINANCIAL GOALS\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "=" * 40 + "\n\n")
for goal in goals:
goal_id, name, target, current, target_date, description, priority, achieved, progress = goal
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Goal: {name}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Target: ${target:.2f}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Current: ${current:.2f}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Progress: {progress:.1f}%\n")
if target_date:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Target Date: {target_date}\n")
if achieved:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "✅ GOAL ACHIEVED!\n")
if description:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Description: {description}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "-" * 30 + "\n\n")
def update_monthly_report(self):
"""Update monthly report display."""
today = datetime.date.today()
report = self.tracker.generate_monthly_report(today.year, today.month)
self.report_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"📊 MONTHLY FINANCIAL REPORT - {report['period']}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "=" * 60 + "\n\n")
# Summary
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "💰 FINANCIAL SUMMARY\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Income: ${report['income']:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Expenses: ${report['expenses']:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Savings: ${report['savings']:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Savings Rate: {report['savings_rate']:.1f}%\n\n")
# Category breakdown
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "📋 CATEGORY BREAKDOWN\n")
for category, amount, cat_type in report['categories']:
emoji = "💰" if cat_type == 'income' else "💸"
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"{emoji} {category}: ${amount:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "\n")
def run(self):
"""Start the GUI application."""
try:
self.root.mainloop()
finally:
self.tracker.close()
def main():
"""Main function to run the Personal Finance Tracker."""
print("💰 Personal Finance Tracker")
print("=" * 50)
choice = input("\nChoose interface:\n1. Command Line\n2. GUI\nEnter choice (1-2): ")
if choice == '2':
# Run GUI version
app = FinanceTrackerGUI()
app.run()
else:
# Run command line version
tracker = PersonalFinanceTracker()
try:
while True:
print("\n📋 Menu:")
print("1. Add Transaction")
print("2. View Summary")
print("3. View Transactions")
print("4. Add Goal")
print("5. View Goals")
print("6. Generate Report")
print("7. Export Data")
print("8. View Budget Status")
print("9. Financial Insights")
print("10. Exit")
choice = input("\nEnter your choice (1-10): ")
if choice == '1':
# Add transaction
amount = float(input("Enter amount: $"))
description = input("Enter description: ")
# Show categories
cursor = tracker.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT id, name, type FROM categories ORDER BY type, name")
categories = cursor.fetchall()
print("\nAvailable categories:")
for cat in categories:
print(f"{cat[0]}. {cat[1]} ({cat[2]})")
cat_id = int(input("Enter category ID: "))
payment_method = input("Payment method (cash/card/bank_transfer/online): ") or 'cash'
tracker.add_transaction(amount, description, cat_id, payment_method=payment_method)
print("✅ Transaction added successfully!")
elif choice == '2':
# View summary
summary = tracker.get_balance_summary()
print(f"\n💰 Financial Summary:")
print(f"Total Income: ${summary['total_income']:.2f}")
print(f"Total Expenses: ${summary['total_expenses']:.2f}")
print(f"Net Worth: ${summary['net_worth']:.2f}")
print(f"Monthly Income: ${summary['monthly_income']:.2f}")
print(f"Monthly Expenses: ${summary['monthly_expenses']:.2f}")
print(f"Monthly Savings: ${summary['monthly_savings']:.2f}")
elif choice == '3':
# View transactions
transactions = tracker.get_transactions(limit=10)
print(f"\n📊 Recent Transactions:")
print("-" * 80)
for t in transactions:
print(f"{t[5]} | ${t[1]:.2f} | {t[2][:30]} | {t[3]} | {t[6]}")
elif choice == '4':
# Add goal
name = input("Goal name: ")
amount = float(input("Target amount: $"))
date = input("Target date (YYYY-MM-DD, optional): ") or None
description = input("Description (optional): ")
tracker.add_goal(name, amount, date, description)
print("🎯 Goal added successfully!")
elif choice == '5':
# View goals
goals = tracker.get_goals()
print(f"\n🎯 Financial Goals:")
print("-" * 60)
for goal in goals:
status = "✅ Achieved" if goal[7] else f"{goal[8]:.1f}% complete"
print(f"{goal[1]} | ${goal[3]:.2f}/${goal[2]:.2f} | {status}")
elif choice == '6':
# Generate report
today = datetime.date.today()
report = tracker.generate_monthly_report(today.year, today.month)
print(f"\n📊 Monthly Report - {report['period']}")
print("-" * 40)
print(f"Income: ${report['income']:.2f}")
print(f"Expenses: ${report['expenses']:.2f}")
print(f"Savings: ${report['savings']:.2f}")
print(f"Savings Rate: {report['savings_rate']:.1f}%")
print(f"\nTop Categories:")
for cat, amount, cat_type in report['categories'][:5]:
print(f" {cat}: ${amount:.2f}")
elif choice == '7':
# Export data
filename = input("Enter filename (with .csv or .json extension): ")
file_format = filename.split('.')[-1].lower()
tracker.export_data(filename, file_format)
print(f"✅ Data exported to {filename}")
elif choice == '8':
# Budget status
budgets = tracker.check_budget_status()
if budgets:
print(f"\n📊 Budget Status:")
print("-" * 50)
for budget in budgets:
alert = " ⚠️" if budget['alert'] else ""
print(f"{budget['category']}: ${budget['spent']:.2f}/${budget['budget']:.2f} ({budget['percentage']:.1f}%){alert}")
else:
print("No active budgets found.")
elif choice == '9':
# Financial insights
insights = tracker.get_financial_insights()
print(f"\n🧠 Financial Insights:")
print("-" * 40)
for category, messages in insights.items():
if messages:
print(f"\n{category.replace('_', ' ').title()}:")
for message in messages:
print(f" {message}")
elif choice == '10':
print("👋 Thank you for using Personal Finance Tracker!")
break
else:
print("❌ Invalid choice. Please try again.")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\n\n👋 Goodbye!")
except Exception as e:
print(f"\n❌ Error: {e}")
finally:
tracker.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
personalfinancetracker.py
import sqlite3
import datetime
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import json
import csv
import os
from decimal import Decimal
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, filedialog
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
import pandas as pd
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple, Optional
import re
class PersonalFinanceTracker:
def __init__(self, db_path="finance_tracker.db"):
"""Initialize the Personal Finance Tracker with database connection."""
self.db_path = db_path
self.conn = sqlite3.connect(db_path)
self.init_database()
def init_database(self):
"""Create necessary tables for the finance tracker."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# Categories table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS categories (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
type TEXT CHECK(type IN ('income', 'expense')) NOT NULL,
color TEXT DEFAULT '#007bff',
budget_limit REAL DEFAULT 0,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
''')
# Transactions table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS transactions (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
amount REAL NOT NULL,
description TEXT NOT NULL,
category_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
date DATE NOT NULL,
payment_method TEXT DEFAULT 'cash',
location TEXT,
tags TEXT,
recurring BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0,
recurring_frequency TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories (id)
)
''')
# Budgets table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS budgets (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
category_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
amount REAL NOT NULL,
period TEXT CHECK(period IN ('weekly', 'monthly', 'yearly')) NOT NULL,
start_date DATE NOT NULL,
end_date DATE NOT NULL,
alert_threshold REAL DEFAULT 0.8,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
FOREIGN KEY (category_id) REFERENCES categories (id)
)
''')
# Goals table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS goals (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
target_amount REAL NOT NULL,
current_amount REAL DEFAULT 0,
target_date DATE,
description TEXT,
priority INTEGER DEFAULT 1,
achieved BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
''')
# Accounts table
cursor.execute('''
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS accounts (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
name TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
type TEXT CHECK(type IN ('checking', 'savings', 'credit', 'investment')) NOT NULL,
balance REAL DEFAULT 0,
currency TEXT DEFAULT 'USD',
bank TEXT,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
)
''')
self.conn.commit()
self.populate_default_categories()
def populate_default_categories(self):
"""Add default categories if none exist."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM categories")
if cursor.fetchone()[0] == 0:
default_categories = [
('Salary', 'income', '#28a745'),
('Freelance', 'income', '#17a2b8'),
('Investment', 'income', '#ffc107'),
('Food & Dining', 'expense', '#dc3545'),
('Transportation', 'expense', '#6f42c1'),
('Shopping', 'expense', '#fd7e14'),
('Entertainment', 'expense', '#e83e8c'),
('Bills & Utilities', 'expense', '#6c757d'),
('Healthcare', 'expense', '#20c997'),
('Education', 'expense', '#0d6efd')
]
cursor.executemany(
"INSERT INTO categories (name, type, color) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
default_categories
)
self.conn.commit()
def add_transaction(self, amount: float, description: str, category_id: int,
date: str = None, payment_method: str = 'cash',
location: str = '', tags: str = '') -> int:
"""Add a new transaction to the database."""
if date is None:
date = datetime.date.today().isoformat()
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO transactions (amount, description, category_id, date,
payment_method, location, tags)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
''', (amount, description, category_id, date, payment_method, location, tags))
transaction_id = cursor.lastrowid
self.conn.commit()
# Update account balance if account tracking is enabled
self.update_balance_after_transaction(amount, category_id)
return transaction_id
def update_balance_after_transaction(self, amount: float, category_id: int):
"""Update account balance based on transaction type."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT type FROM categories WHERE id = ?", (category_id,))
category_type = cursor.fetchone()[0]
# For simplicity, assume primary account
cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM accounts LIMIT 1")
account = cursor.fetchone()
if account:
if category_type == 'income':
cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + ? WHERE id = ?",
(amount, account[0]))
else:
cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - ? WHERE id = ?",
(amount, account[0]))
self.conn.commit()
def get_transactions(self, start_date: str = None, end_date: str = None,
category_id: int = None, limit: int = None) -> List[Tuple]:
"""Retrieve transactions with optional filtering."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
query = '''
SELECT t.id, t.amount, t.description, c.name, c.type, t.date,
t.payment_method, t.location, t.tags
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
'''
params = []
conditions = []
if start_date:
conditions.append("t.date >= ?")
params.append(start_date)
if end_date:
conditions.append("t.date <= ?")
params.append(end_date)
if category_id:
conditions.append("t.category_id = ?")
params.append(category_id)
if conditions:
query += " WHERE " + " AND ".join(conditions)
query += " ORDER BY t.date DESC, t.created_at DESC"
if limit:
query += f" LIMIT {limit}"
cursor.execute(query, params)
return cursor.fetchall()
def get_balance_summary(self) -> Dict[str, float]:
"""Get overall financial summary."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# Total income
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'income'
''')
total_income = cursor.fetchone()[0]
# Total expenses
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'expense'
''')
total_expenses = cursor.fetchone()[0]
# Net worth
net_worth = total_income - total_expenses
# This month's income and expenses
current_month = datetime.date.today().replace(day=1).isoformat()
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'income' AND t.date >= ?
''', (current_month,))
monthly_income = cursor.fetchone()[0]
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'expense' AND t.date >= ?
''', (current_month,))
monthly_expenses = cursor.fetchone()[0]
return {
'total_income': total_income,
'total_expenses': total_expenses,
'net_worth': net_worth,
'monthly_income': monthly_income,
'monthly_expenses': monthly_expenses,
'monthly_savings': monthly_income - monthly_expenses
}
def get_category_spending(self, period: str = 'monthly') -> List[Tuple]:
"""Get spending breakdown by category."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
if period == 'monthly':
start_date = datetime.date.today().replace(day=1).isoformat()
elif period == 'yearly':
start_date = datetime.date.today().replace(month=1, day=1).isoformat()
else: # All time
start_date = '1900-01-01'
cursor.execute('''
SELECT c.name, c.color, SUM(t.amount) as total, c.type
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date >= ?
GROUP BY c.id, c.name, c.color, c.type
ORDER BY total DESC
''', (start_date,))
return cursor.fetchall()
def create_budget(self, category_id: int, amount: float, period: str,
start_date: str, end_date: str) -> int:
"""Create a new budget for a category."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO budgets (category_id, amount, period, start_date, end_date)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
''', (category_id, amount, period, start_date, end_date))
budget_id = cursor.lastrowid
self.conn.commit()
return budget_id
def check_budget_status(self) -> List[Dict]:
"""Check budget status and alerts."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
SELECT b.id, b.amount, b.period, b.alert_threshold, c.name,
b.start_date, b.end_date
FROM budgets b
JOIN categories c ON b.category_id = c.id
WHERE b.end_date >= date('now')
''')
budgets = cursor.fetchall()
budget_status = []
for budget in budgets:
budget_id, amount, period, threshold, category, start_date, end_date = budget
# Calculate spent amount in budget period
cursor.execute('''
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.name = ? AND t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
''', (category, start_date, end_date))
spent = cursor.fetchone()[0]
percentage = (spent / amount) * 100 if amount > 0 else 0
status = {
'category': category,
'budget': amount,
'spent': spent,
'remaining': amount - spent,
'percentage': percentage,
'alert': percentage >= (threshold * 100),
'period': period
}
budget_status.append(status)
return budget_status
def add_goal(self, name: str, target_amount: float, target_date: str = None,
description: str = '', priority: int = 1) -> int:
"""Add a financial goal."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
INSERT INTO goals (name, target_amount, target_date, description, priority)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
''', (name, target_amount, target_date, description, priority))
goal_id = cursor.lastrowid
self.conn.commit()
return goal_id
def update_goal_progress(self, goal_id: int, amount: float):
"""Update progress towards a goal."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
UPDATE goals
SET current_amount = current_amount + ?
WHERE id = ?
''', (amount, goal_id))
# Check if goal is achieved
cursor.execute('''
UPDATE goals
SET achieved = 1
WHERE id = ? AND current_amount >= target_amount
''', (goal_id,))
self.conn.commit()
def get_goals(self) -> List[Tuple]:
"""Get all financial goals with progress."""
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('''
SELECT id, name, target_amount, current_amount, target_date,
description, priority, achieved,
ROUND((current_amount / target_amount) * 100, 2) as progress
FROM goals
ORDER BY priority, target_date
''')
return cursor.fetchall()
def generate_monthly_report(self, year: int, month: int) -> Dict:
"""Generate comprehensive monthly financial report."""
start_date = f"{year}-{month:02d}-01"
# Calculate last day of month
if month == 12:
next_month = datetime.date(year + 1, 1, 1)
else:
next_month = datetime.date(year, month + 1, 1)
last_day = (next_month - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).day
end_date = f"{year}-{month:02d}-{last_day:02d}"
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# Monthly totals
cursor.execute('''
SELECT c.type, SUM(t.amount)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
GROUP BY c.type
''', (start_date, end_date))
totals = dict(cursor.fetchall())
income = totals.get('income', 0)
expenses = totals.get('expense', 0)
# Category breakdown
cursor.execute('''
SELECT c.name, SUM(t.amount), c.type
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
GROUP BY c.id, c.name, c.type
ORDER BY SUM(t.amount) DESC
''', (start_date, end_date))
categories = cursor.fetchall()
# Daily spending pattern
cursor.execute('''
SELECT t.date, SUM(CASE WHEN c.type = 'expense' THEN t.amount ELSE 0 END) as expenses,
SUM(CASE WHEN c.type = 'income' THEN t.amount ELSE 0 END) as income
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE t.date BETWEEN ? AND ?
GROUP BY t.date
ORDER BY t.date
''', (start_date, end_date))
daily_data = cursor.fetchall()
return {
'period': f"{year}-{month:02d}",
'income': income,
'expenses': expenses,
'savings': income - expenses,
'categories': categories,
'daily_data': daily_data,
'savings_rate': (income - expenses) / income * 100 if income > 0 else 0
}
def export_data(self, filename: str, format_type: str = 'csv'):
"""Export financial data to CSV or JSON."""
transactions = self.get_transactions()
if format_type.lower() == 'csv':
with open(filename, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
writer.writerow(['ID', 'Amount', 'Description', 'Category', 'Type',
'Date', 'Payment Method', 'Location', 'Tags'])
writer.writerows(transactions)
elif format_type.lower() == 'json':
data = []
for transaction in transactions:
data.append({
'id': transaction[0],
'amount': transaction[1],
'description': transaction[2],
'category': transaction[3],
'type': transaction[4],
'date': transaction[5],
'payment_method': transaction[6],
'location': transaction[7],
'tags': transaction[8]
})
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as jsonfile:
json.dump(data, jsonfile, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
def import_data(self, filename: str):
"""Import financial data from CSV file."""
try:
with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
for row in reader:
# Find or create category
cursor = self.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM categories WHERE name = ?",
(row['Category'],))
category = cursor.fetchone()
if not category:
# Create new category
cursor.execute(
"INSERT INTO categories (name, type) VALUES (?, ?)",
(row['Category'], row.get('Type', 'expense'))
)
category_id = cursor.lastrowid
else:
category_id = category[0]
# Add transaction
self.add_transaction(
amount=float(row['Amount']),
description=row['Description'],
category_id=category_id,
date=row['Date'],
payment_method=row.get('Payment Method', 'cash'),
location=row.get('Location', ''),
tags=row.get('Tags', '')
)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Import error: {e}")
def get_financial_insights(self) -> Dict:
"""Generate AI-like financial insights and recommendations."""
summary = self.get_balance_summary()
category_spending = self.get_category_spending('monthly')
insights = {
'spending_habits': [],
'recommendations': [],
'warnings': [],
'achievements': []
}
# Analyze spending patterns
if summary['monthly_expenses'] > summary['monthly_income']:
insights['warnings'].append(
"⚠️ You're spending more than you earn this month!"
)
insights['recommendations'].append(
"💡 Review your expenses and identify areas to cut back"
)
# Savings rate analysis
if summary['monthly_income'] > 0:
savings_rate = (summary['monthly_savings'] / summary['monthly_income']) * 100
if savings_rate >= 20:
insights['achievements'].append(
f"🎉 Excellent! You're saving {savings_rate:.1f}% of your income"
)
elif savings_rate >= 10:
insights['achievements'].append(
f"👍 Good job! You're saving {savings_rate:.1f}% of your income"
)
else:
insights['recommendations'].append(
f"💰 Try to increase your savings rate (currently {savings_rate:.1f}%)"
)
# Top spending category
if category_spending:
top_expense = max(
[cat for cat in category_spending if cat[3] == 'expense'],
key=lambda x: x[2],
default=None
)
if top_expense:
insights['spending_habits'].append(
f"🛒 Your biggest expense category is {top_expense[0]} (${top_expense[2]:.2f})"
)
return insights
def close(self):
"""Close database connection."""
self.conn.close()
class FinanceTrackerGUI:
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the GUI application."""
self.tracker = PersonalFinanceTracker()
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.title("Personal Finance Tracker")
self.root.geometry("1200x800")
# Configure style
self.style = ttk.Style()
self.style.theme_use('clam')
self.create_widgets()
self.refresh_data()
def create_widgets(self):
"""Create and arrange GUI widgets."""
# Create notebook for tabs
self.notebook = ttk.Notebook(self.root)
self.notebook.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
# Dashboard tab
self.create_dashboard_tab()
# Transactions tab
self.create_transactions_tab()
# Budget tab
self.create_budget_tab()
# Goals tab
self.create_goals_tab()
# Reports tab
self.create_reports_tab()
def create_dashboard_tab(self):
"""Create dashboard overview tab."""
dashboard_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(dashboard_frame, text="Dashboard")
# Summary cards frame
summary_frame = ttk.Frame(dashboard_frame)
summary_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
# Financial summary labels
self.income_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Monthly Income: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.income_label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.expenses_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Monthly Expenses: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.expenses_label.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.savings_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Monthly Savings: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.savings_label.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.networth_label = ttk.Label(summary_frame, text="Net Worth: $0.00",
font=('Arial', 12, 'bold'))
self.networth_label.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=20, pady=5, sticky='w')
# Charts frame
charts_frame = ttk.Frame(dashboard_frame)
charts_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
# Create matplotlib figure for charts
self.fig, (self.ax1, self.ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, charts_frame)
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill='both', expand=True)
# Insights text area
insights_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(dashboard_frame, text="Financial Insights")
insights_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
self.insights_text = tk.Text(insights_frame, height=6, wrap='word')
insights_scrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(insights_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.insights_text.yview)
self.insights_text.configure(yscrollcommand=insights_scrollbar.set)
self.insights_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
insights_scrollbar.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def create_transactions_tab(self):
"""Create transactions management tab."""
transactions_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(transactions_frame, text="Transactions")
# Add transaction form
form_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(transactions_frame, text="Add Transaction")
form_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
# Form fields
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Amount:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.amount_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=15)
self.amount_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Description:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.description_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)
self.description_entry.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Category:").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.category_combo = ttk.Combobox(form_frame, width=20)
self.category_combo.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Payment Method:").grid(row=1, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.payment_combo = ttk.Combobox(form_frame,
values=['cash', 'card', 'bank_transfer', 'online'],
width=15)
self.payment_combo.set('cash')
self.payment_combo.grid(row=1, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
# Add button
add_btn = ttk.Button(form_frame, text="Add Transaction",
command=self.add_transaction)
add_btn.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)
# Transactions list
list_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(transactions_frame, text="Recent Transactions")
list_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
# Treeview for transactions
columns = ('Date', 'Amount', 'Description', 'Category', 'Payment Method')
self.transactions_tree = ttk.Treeview(list_frame, columns=columns, show='headings')
for col in columns:
self.transactions_tree.heading(col, text=col)
self.transactions_tree.column(col, width=120)
# Scrollbars
tree_scroll_y = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.transactions_tree.yview)
tree_scroll_x = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient='horizontal',
command=self.transactions_tree.xview)
self.transactions_tree.configure(yscrollcommand=tree_scroll_y.set,
xscrollcommand=tree_scroll_x.set)
self.transactions_tree.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
tree_scroll_y.pack(side='right', fill='y')
tree_scroll_x.pack(side='bottom', fill='x')
def create_budget_tab(self):
"""Create budget management tab."""
budget_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(budget_frame, text="Budgets")
# Budget status display
status_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(budget_frame, text="Budget Status")
status_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
self.budget_text = tk.Text(status_frame, height=15, wrap='word')
budget_scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(status_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.budget_text.yview)
self.budget_text.configure(yscrollcommand=budget_scroll.set)
self.budget_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
budget_scroll.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def create_goals_tab(self):
"""Create financial goals tab."""
goals_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(goals_frame, text="Goals")
# Add goal form
form_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(goals_frame, text="Add Financial Goal")
form_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Goal Name:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.goal_name_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=30)
self.goal_name_entry.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(form_frame, text="Target Amount:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='w')
self.goal_amount_entry = ttk.Entry(form_frame, width=15)
self.goal_amount_entry.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
add_goal_btn = ttk.Button(form_frame, text="Add Goal", command=self.add_goal)
add_goal_btn.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)
# Goals list
list_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(goals_frame, text="Financial Goals")
list_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
self.goals_text = tk.Text(list_frame, height=15, wrap='word')
goals_scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(list_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.goals_text.yview)
self.goals_text.configure(yscrollcommand=goals_scroll.set)
self.goals_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
goals_scroll.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def create_reports_tab(self):
"""Create reports and analytics tab."""
reports_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook)
self.notebook.add(reports_frame, text="Reports")
# Export/Import frame
io_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(reports_frame, text="Data Management")
io_frame.pack(fill='x', padx=10, pady=10)
export_btn = ttk.Button(io_frame, text="Export Data", command=self.export_data)
export_btn.pack(side='left', padx=5, pady=5)
import_btn = ttk.Button(io_frame, text="Import Data", command=self.import_data)
import_btn.pack(side='left', padx=5, pady=5)
# Monthly report
report_frame = ttk.LabelFrame(reports_frame, text="Monthly Report")
report_frame.pack(fill='both', expand=True, padx=10, pady=10)
self.report_text = tk.Text(report_frame, height=20, wrap='word')
report_scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(report_frame, orient='vertical',
command=self.report_text.yview)
self.report_text.configure(yscrollcommand=report_scroll.set)
self.report_text.pack(side='left', fill='both', expand=True)
report_scroll.pack(side='right', fill='y')
def add_transaction(self):
"""Add a new transaction from the form."""
try:
amount = float(self.amount_entry.get())
description = self.description_entry.get()
category_name = self.category_combo.get()
payment_method = self.payment_combo.get()
if not description or not category_name:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please fill in all required fields")
return
# Get category ID
cursor = self.tracker.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM categories WHERE name = ?", (category_name,))
category = cursor.fetchone()
if not category:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Invalid category selected")
return
# Add transaction
self.tracker.add_transaction(
amount=amount,
description=description,
category_id=category[0],
payment_method=payment_method
)
# Clear form
self.amount_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
self.description_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
# Refresh data
self.refresh_data()
messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Transaction added successfully!")
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter a valid amount")
except Exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("Error", f"Failed to add transaction: {e}")
def add_goal(self):
"""Add a new financial goal."""
try:
name = self.goal_name_entry.get()
amount = float(self.goal_amount_entry.get())
if not name:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter a goal name")
return
self.tracker.add_goal(name=name, target_amount=amount)
# Clear form
self.goal_name_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
self.goal_amount_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
# Refresh data
self.refresh_data()
messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Goal added successfully!")
except ValueError:
messagebox.showerror("Error", "Please enter a valid amount")
except Exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("Error", f"Failed to add goal: {e}")
def export_data(self):
"""Export financial data to file."""
filename = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
defaultextension=".csv",
filetypes=[("CSV files", "*.csv"), ("JSON files", "*.json")]
)
if filename:
file_extension = filename.split('.')[-1].lower()
self.tracker.export_data(filename, file_extension)
messagebox.showinfo("Success", f"Data exported to {filename}")
def import_data(self):
"""Import financial data from file."""
filename = filedialog.askopenfilename(
filetypes=[("CSV files", "*.csv")]
)
if filename:
try:
self.tracker.import_data(filename)
self.refresh_data()
messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Data imported successfully!")
except Exception as e:
messagebox.showerror("Error", f"Failed to import data: {e}")
def refresh_data(self):
"""Refresh all data displays."""
self.update_dashboard()
self.update_transactions_list()
self.update_categories_combo()
self.update_budget_status()
self.update_goals_display()
self.update_monthly_report()
def update_dashboard(self):
"""Update dashboard with current financial summary."""
summary = self.tracker.get_balance_summary()
# Update summary labels
self.income_label.config(text=f"Monthly Income: ${summary['monthly_income']:.2f}")
self.expenses_label.config(text=f"Monthly Expenses: ${summary['monthly_expenses']:.2f}")
self.savings_label.config(text=f"Monthly Savings: ${summary['monthly_savings']:.2f}")
self.networth_label.config(text=f"Net Worth: ${summary['net_worth']:.2f}")
# Update charts
self.update_charts()
# Update insights
self.update_insights()
def update_charts(self):
"""Update dashboard charts."""
# Clear previous charts
self.ax1.clear()
self.ax2.clear()
# Category spending pie chart
category_data = self.tracker.get_category_spending('monthly')
if category_data:
expenses = [cat for cat in category_data if cat[3] == 'expense']
if expenses:
labels = [cat[0] for cat in expenses]
amounts = [cat[2] for cat in expenses]
colors = [cat[1] for cat in expenses]
self.ax1.pie(amounts, labels=labels, colors=colors, autopct='%1.1f%%')
self.ax1.set_title('Monthly Expenses by Category')
# Monthly trend line chart (last 6 months)
today = datetime.date.today()
months_data = []
for i in range(6):
month_date = today.replace(day=1) - datetime.timedelta(days=i*30)
report = self.tracker.generate_monthly_report(month_date.year, month_date.month)
months_data.append((month_date.strftime('%b %Y'), report['expenses'], report['income']))
months_data.reverse()
if months_data:
months = [data[0] for data in months_data]
expenses = [data[1] for data in months_data]
income = [data[2] for data in months_data]
x = range(len(months))
self.ax2.plot(x, expenses, label='Expenses', marker='o', color='red')
self.ax2.plot(x, income, label='Income', marker='o', color='green')
self.ax2.set_xticks(x)
self.ax2.set_xticklabels(months, rotation=45)
self.ax2.set_title('6-Month Income vs Expenses Trend')
self.ax2.legend()
self.ax2.grid(True, alpha=0.3)
self.fig.tight_layout()
self.canvas.draw()
def update_insights(self):
"""Update financial insights display."""
insights = self.tracker.get_financial_insights()
self.insights_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
for category, messages in insights.items():
if messages:
self.insights_text.insert(tk.END, f"{category.replace('_', ' ').title()}:\n")
for message in messages:
self.insights_text.insert(tk.END, f" {message}\n")
self.insights_text.insert(tk.END, "\n")
def update_transactions_list(self):
"""Update transactions list display."""
# Clear existing items
for item in self.transactions_tree.get_children():
self.transactions_tree.delete(item)
# Get recent transactions
transactions = self.tracker.get_transactions(limit=50)
for transaction in transactions:
self.transactions_tree.insert('', 'end', values=(
transaction[5], # date
f"${transaction[1]:.2f}", # amount
transaction[2], # description
transaction[3], # category
transaction[6] # payment method
))
def update_categories_combo(self):
"""Update categories combobox."""
cursor = self.tracker.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM categories ORDER BY name")
categories = [row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()]
self.category_combo['values'] = categories
def update_budget_status(self):
"""Update budget status display."""
budget_status = self.tracker.check_budget_status()
self.budget_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
if not budget_status:
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "No active budgets found.\n")
return
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "📊 BUDGET STATUS OVERVIEW\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "=" * 50 + "\n\n")
for budget in budget_status:
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Category: {budget['category']}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Budget: ${budget['budget']:.2f}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Spent: ${budget['spent']:.2f}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Remaining: ${budget['remaining']:.2f}\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, f"Progress: {budget['percentage']:.1f}%\n")
if budget['alert']:
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "⚠️ BUDGET ALERT: You're approaching your limit!\n")
self.budget_text.insert(tk.END, "-" * 30 + "\n\n")
def update_goals_display(self):
"""Update financial goals display."""
goals = self.tracker.get_goals()
self.goals_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
if not goals:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "No financial goals set.\n")
return
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "🎯 FINANCIAL GOALS\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "=" * 40 + "\n\n")
for goal in goals:
goal_id, name, target, current, target_date, description, priority, achieved, progress = goal
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Goal: {name}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Target: ${target:.2f}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Current: ${current:.2f}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Progress: {progress:.1f}%\n")
if target_date:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Target Date: {target_date}\n")
if achieved:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "✅ GOAL ACHIEVED!\n")
if description:
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, f"Description: {description}\n")
self.goals_text.insert(tk.END, "-" * 30 + "\n\n")
def update_monthly_report(self):
"""Update monthly report display."""
today = datetime.date.today()
report = self.tracker.generate_monthly_report(today.year, today.month)
self.report_text.delete('1.0', tk.END)
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"📊 MONTHLY FINANCIAL REPORT - {report['period']}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "=" * 60 + "\n\n")
# Summary
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "💰 FINANCIAL SUMMARY\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Income: ${report['income']:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Expenses: ${report['expenses']:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Savings: ${report['savings']:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"Savings Rate: {report['savings_rate']:.1f}%\n\n")
# Category breakdown
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "📋 CATEGORY BREAKDOWN\n")
for category, amount, cat_type in report['categories']:
emoji = "💰" if cat_type == 'income' else "💸"
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, f"{emoji} {category}: ${amount:.2f}\n")
self.report_text.insert(tk.END, "\n")
def run(self):
"""Start the GUI application."""
try:
self.root.mainloop()
finally:
self.tracker.close()
def main():
"""Main function to run the Personal Finance Tracker."""
print("💰 Personal Finance Tracker")
print("=" * 50)
choice = input("\nChoose interface:\n1. Command Line\n2. GUI\nEnter choice (1-2): ")
if choice == '2':
# Run GUI version
app = FinanceTrackerGUI()
app.run()
else:
# Run command line version
tracker = PersonalFinanceTracker()
try:
while True:
print("\n📋 Menu:")
print("1. Add Transaction")
print("2. View Summary")
print("3. View Transactions")
print("4. Add Goal")
print("5. View Goals")
print("6. Generate Report")
print("7. Export Data")
print("8. View Budget Status")
print("9. Financial Insights")
print("10. Exit")
choice = input("\nEnter your choice (1-10): ")
if choice == '1':
# Add transaction
amount = float(input("Enter amount: $"))
description = input("Enter description: ")
# Show categories
cursor = tracker.conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT id, name, type FROM categories ORDER BY type, name")
categories = cursor.fetchall()
print("\nAvailable categories:")
for cat in categories:
print(f"{cat[0]}. {cat[1]} ({cat[2]})")
cat_id = int(input("Enter category ID: "))
payment_method = input("Payment method (cash/card/bank_transfer/online): ") or 'cash'
tracker.add_transaction(amount, description, cat_id, payment_method=payment_method)
print("✅ Transaction added successfully!")
elif choice == '2':
# View summary
summary = tracker.get_balance_summary()
print(f"\n💰 Financial Summary:")
print(f"Total Income: ${summary['total_income']:.2f}")
print(f"Total Expenses: ${summary['total_expenses']:.2f}")
print(f"Net Worth: ${summary['net_worth']:.2f}")
print(f"Monthly Income: ${summary['monthly_income']:.2f}")
print(f"Monthly Expenses: ${summary['monthly_expenses']:.2f}")
print(f"Monthly Savings: ${summary['monthly_savings']:.2f}")
elif choice == '3':
# View transactions
transactions = tracker.get_transactions(limit=10)
print(f"\n📊 Recent Transactions:")
print("-" * 80)
for t in transactions:
print(f"{t[5]} | ${t[1]:.2f} | {t[2][:30]} | {t[3]} | {t[6]}")
elif choice == '4':
# Add goal
name = input("Goal name: ")
amount = float(input("Target amount: $"))
date = input("Target date (YYYY-MM-DD, optional): ") or None
description = input("Description (optional): ")
tracker.add_goal(name, amount, date, description)
print("🎯 Goal added successfully!")
elif choice == '5':
# View goals
goals = tracker.get_goals()
print(f"\n🎯 Financial Goals:")
print("-" * 60)
for goal in goals:
status = "✅ Achieved" if goal[7] else f"{goal[8]:.1f}% complete"
print(f"{goal[1]} | ${goal[3]:.2f}/${goal[2]:.2f} | {status}")
elif choice == '6':
# Generate report
today = datetime.date.today()
report = tracker.generate_monthly_report(today.year, today.month)
print(f"\n📊 Monthly Report - {report['period']}")
print("-" * 40)
print(f"Income: ${report['income']:.2f}")
print(f"Expenses: ${report['expenses']:.2f}")
print(f"Savings: ${report['savings']:.2f}")
print(f"Savings Rate: {report['savings_rate']:.1f}%")
print(f"\nTop Categories:")
for cat, amount, cat_type in report['categories'][:5]:
print(f" {cat}: ${amount:.2f}")
elif choice == '7':
# Export data
filename = input("Enter filename (with .csv or .json extension): ")
file_format = filename.split('.')[-1].lower()
tracker.export_data(filename, file_format)
print(f"✅ Data exported to {filename}")
elif choice == '8':
# Budget status
budgets = tracker.check_budget_status()
if budgets:
print(f"\n📊 Budget Status:")
print("-" * 50)
for budget in budgets:
alert = " ⚠️" if budget['alert'] else ""
print(f"{budget['category']}: ${budget['spent']:.2f}/${budget['budget']:.2f} ({budget['percentage']:.1f}%){alert}")
else:
print("No active budgets found.")
elif choice == '9':
# Financial insights
insights = tracker.get_financial_insights()
print(f"\n🧠 Financial Insights:")
print("-" * 40)
for category, messages in insights.items():
if messages:
print(f"\n{category.replace('_', ' ').title()}:")
for message in messages:
print(f" {message}")
elif choice == '10':
print("👋 Thank you for using Personal Finance Tracker!")
break
else:
print("❌ Invalid choice. Please try again.")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\n\n👋 Goodbye!")
except Exception as e:
print(f"\n❌ Error: {e}")
finally:
tracker.close()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Run it
command
C:\Users\Your Name\finance-tracker> python personalfinancetracker.py
# Choose: 1) Command Line 2) GUI
# The GUI opens a tabbed dashboard; the CLI gives a menu-driven version.command
C:\Users\Your Name\finance-tracker> python personalfinancetracker.py
# Choose: 1) Command Line 2) GUI
# The GUI opens a tabbed dashboard; the CLI gives a menu-driven version.Architecture: One Engine, Two Front Ends
text
PersonalFinanceTracker ← all logic + SQLite (no UI code)
▲ ▲
│ │
FinanceTrackerGUI CLI menu (in main)text
PersonalFinanceTracker ← all logic + SQLite (no UI code)
▲ ▲
│ │
FinanceTrackerGUI CLI menu (in main)PersonalFinanceTrackerPersonalFinanceTracker knows nothing about Tkinter or printprint — it just exposes methods like add_transactionadd_transaction, get_balance_summaryget_balance_summary, check_budget_statuscheck_budget_status. Both the GUI and the CLI call those same methods. This is the lesson: keep business logic out of the UI so you can put any face on it.
Step-by-Step Explanation
1. The schema models the domain
Five tables — categoriescategories, transactionstransactions, budgetsbudgets, goalsgoals, accountsaccounts — with CHECKCHECK constraints enforcing valid values at the database level:
personalfinancetracker.py
CREATE TABLE categories (
...
type TEXT CHECK(type IN ('income', 'expense')) NOT NULL,
...
)personalfinancetracker.py
CREATE TABLE categories (
...
type TEXT CHECK(type IN ('income', 'expense')) NOT NULL,
...
)A category is either income or expense, full stop — the database refuses anything else. Transactions reference categories via a FOREIGN KEYFOREIGN KEY. Defaults are seeded once on first run (populate_default_categoriespopulate_default_categories).
2. Summaries via SQL aggregation
The balance summary is pure SQL — let the database do the math:
personalfinancetracker.py
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'income'personalfinancetracker.py
SELECT COALESCE(SUM(t.amount), 0)
FROM transactions t
JOIN categories c ON t.category_id = c.id
WHERE c.type = 'income'COALESCE(SUM(...), 0)COALESCE(SUM(...), 0) is the key detail: SUMSUM of zero rows is NULLNULL, which would break arithmetic — COALESCECOALESCE turns it into 00. The same query with type = 'expense'type = 'expense' gives expenses; net worth is the difference.
3. Charts inside the window
This is the standout technique. A matplotlib figure lives inside Tkinter:
personalfinancetracker.py
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
self.fig, (self.ax1, self.ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, charts_frame)
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill='both', expand=True)personalfinancetracker.py
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
self.fig, (self.ax1, self.ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(12, 6))
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig, charts_frame)
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(fill='both', expand=True)To update, you clear()clear() the axes, redraw, and call self.canvas.draw()self.canvas.draw(). No saving PNGs, no separate windows — the chart is a native widget. This pattern powers most Python desktop dashboards.
4. Tabs with ttk.Notebookttk.Notebook
personalfinancetracker.py
self.notebook = ttk.Notebook(self.root)
self.notebook.add(dashboard_frame, text="Dashboard")
self.notebook.add(transactions_frame, text="Transactions")personalfinancetracker.py
self.notebook = ttk.Notebook(self.root)
self.notebook.add(dashboard_frame, text="Dashboard")
self.notebook.add(transactions_frame, text="Transactions")Each feature gets its own tab (Dashboard, Transactions, Budgets, Goals, Reports). NotebookNotebook is Tkinter’s tabbed-container widget — the cleanest way to organize a multi-feature app.
5. Budget tracking with alerts
personalfinancetracker.py
spent = ... # SUM of transactions in the budget's category and date range
percentage = (spent / amount) * 100 if amount > 0 else 0
status = {..., 'alert': percentage >= (threshold * 100)}personalfinancetracker.py
spent = ... # SUM of transactions in the budget's category and date range
percentage = (spent / amount) * 100 if amount > 0 else 0
status = {..., 'alert': percentage >= (threshold * 100)}Each budget compares spending against its limit and flags an alert past the threshold (default 80%). That if amount > 0if amount > 0 guard avoids a division-by-zero crash on a zero budget.
6. Insights from the data
personalfinancetracker.py
if summary['monthly_expenses'] > summary['monthly_income']:
insights['warnings'].append("⚠️ You're spending more than you earn this month!")
savings_rate = (summary['monthly_savings'] / summary['monthly_income']) * 100personalfinancetracker.py
if summary['monthly_expenses'] > summary['monthly_income']:
insights['warnings'].append("⚠️ You're spending more than you earn this month!")
savings_rate = (summary['monthly_savings'] / summary['monthly_income']) * 100No AI needed — a few rules over the aggregated numbers produce genuinely useful guidance (overspending warnings, savings-rate praise, biggest-category callouts). Rules-over-data is often all “insights” requires.
7. Export / import
CSV for spreadsheets, JSON for programs:
personalfinancetracker.py
writer.writerow(['ID','Amount','Description','Category','Type','Date',...])
writer.writerows(transactions)personalfinancetracker.py
writer.writerow(['ID','Amount','Description','Category','Type','Date',...])
writer.writerows(transactions)Import is the reverse, auto-creating any missing category. Round-tripping your data is what makes the tool trustworthy.
A Correctness Note: Use Cents, Not Floats
Money in REALREAL/floatfloat columns invites rounding errors (0.1 + 0.2 != 0.30.1 + 0.2 != 0.3). For real finance code:
money.py
# Store integer cents, format on display
amount_cents = round(dollars * 100)
display = f"${amount_cents / 100:.2f}"money.py
# Store integer cents, format on display
amount_cents = round(dollars * 100)
display = f"${amount_cents / 100:.2f}"The starter uses floats for simplicity; switching to integer cents (or DecimalDecimal) is the right move for anything beyond a demo.
Common Mistakes
| Problem | Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
Totals show NoneNone | SUMSUM over zero rows is NULLNULL | Wrap in COALESCE(SUM(...), 0)COALESCE(SUM(...), 0) |
| Chart doesn’t refresh | Forgot canvas.draw()canvas.draw() | clear()clear() axes, redraw, then draw()draw() |
| Rounding drift in balances | Floats for money | Store integer cents or use DecimalDecimal |
| Crash on zero budget | Division by zero | Guard if amount > 0if amount > 0 |
| DB locked errors | One shared connection across threads | One connection per thread, or serialize access |
| Import fails on new category | Category didn’t exist | Auto-create it (the code does) |
Variations to Try
- Integer-cents money — eliminate float rounding.
- Recurring transactions — auto-post salary/rent (schema has the fields).
- Multi-account transfers — move money between accounts.
- Forecasting — project month-end balance from spending pace.
- Receipt OCR — auto-fill transactions (see Basic OCR with Tesseract).
- Bank CSV import — map common bank export formats.
- Cloud sync — back the DB with Postgres for multi-device.
- Web version — reuse the engine behind a Flask UI.
Real-World Applications
- Budgeting apps — Mint, YNAB, Monarch in concept.
- Expense management — small-business bookkeeping.
- Financial dashboards — net-worth and cash-flow tracking.
- Desktop analytics — any app needing embedded charts.
Educational Value
- Relational modeling — tables, foreign keys,
CHECKCHECKconstraints. - SQL aggregation —
JOINJOIN,GROUP BYGROUP BY,SUMSUM,CASECASE,COALESCECOALESCE. - Embedded plotting — matplotlib inside Tkinter via
FigureCanvasTkAggFigureCanvasTkAgg. - Architecture — logic/UI separation enabling GUI + CLI from one core.
Next Steps
- Switch money to integer cents or
DecimalDecimal. - Implement recurring transactions and forecasting.
- Add bank-CSV import and multi-account transfers.
- Reuse the engine behind a web UI.
Conclusion
You built a finance manager that stores, aggregates, budgets, charts, and advises — with the business logic cleanly separated from a tabbed Tkinter dashboard that renders matplotlib charts inline, plus a CLI sharing the same engine. The FigureCanvasTkAggFigureCanvasTkAgg embedding and the logic/UI split are techniques you’ll reuse in every desktop data app. (Just remember: real money lives in integer cents, not floats.) Full source on GitHub. Explore more data and finance projects on Python Central Hub.
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